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<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Automobile<br />
| name = Jeep Wrangler<br />
| image = [[Image:Jeep-Wrangler.jpg|250px|TJ Jeep Wrangler]]<br />
| aka = Jeep YJ, Jeep TJ, Jeep JK<br />
| manufacturer = [[American Motors]] (AMC) (1987)<br>[[Chrysler|Chrysler Corporation]] (1987–1998)<br>[[Daimler AG|DaimlerChrysler]] (1998–2007)<BR>[[Chrysler|Chrysler LLC]] (2008–present)<br />
| class = [[Mini SUV]], [[convertible]]<br />
| production = 1987-present<br />
| predecessor = [[Jeep CJ]]<br />
| layout = [[Front-engine design|Front engine]], [[rear-wheel drive]] / [[four-wheel drive]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Wrangler''' (also known as the '''YJ''', '''TJ''', and '''JK''', as explained below) is an [[SUV]] produced by [[United States|American]] automaker [[Chrysler]] under its [[Jeep]] marque. It is a successor to the famous [[Willys MB|World War II 'Jeep']] vehicle by way of the [[Willys]] civilian Jeep ([[Jeep CJ|CJ]]) in the 1950s, later produced by [[Kaiser-Jeep]] and by [[American Motors]] (AMC). The Wrangler debuted in 1987, was updated in 1997 and again in 2007, and is still popular today.<br />
<br />
From 1987 until 1992 the Wrangler/YJ was built in [[Brampton, Ontario]], Canada. It was then built in the [[Toledo South Assembly]] plant until mid-2006, after which the plant was slowly torn down. The Wrangler is currently produced at Jeep's [[Toledo North Assembly]] plant in [[Toledo, Ohio]].<br />
<br />
The Wrangler name was not used in [[Canada]], as it was a trim level of [[Chevrolet C/K|Chevrolet pickup]] in that market. Instead, 1987 to 1995 models were sold as YJ, and 1997 to 2006 models were sold as TJ. The model designations of YJ and TJ are used throughout the world in the Jeep enthusiast community to differentiate which model is being spoken of instead of using the more ambiguous term "Wrangler".<br />
<br />
==YJ (1987–1995)==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = YJ<br />
| image = [[Image:1992 Jeep YJ.JPG|250px|1992 Jeep YJ]]<br />
| production = 1987–1995<br />
| engine = <u>'''2.5&nbsp;L ''[[AMC Straight-4 engine|AMC 150]]'' [[I4 engine|I4]]</u>'''<small>{{Collapsible list<br />
|title = Complete engine specs <br />
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;<br />
|title_style = <!-- (optional) --><br />
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none; <br />
|1 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Displacement: 150.4&nbsp;[[Cubic inch#Engine displacement|CID]] (2,465&nbsp;cc)}}<br />
|2 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Stroke: {{convert|3.188|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<br />
|3 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Bore: {{convert|3.875|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<br />
|4 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Power: varied}}<br />
|5 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Torque: varied}}<br />
|6 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Fuel&nbsp;Type: Gasoline}}<br />
|7 =<br />
}}</small> '''<u>4.2&nbsp;L ''[[AMC Straight-6 engine#258|AMC&nbsp;258]]'' [[I6]]</u>'''<small>{{Collapsible list<br />
|title = Complete engine specs <br />
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;<br />
|title_style = <!-- (optional) --><br />
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none; <br />
|1 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Displacement: ~258.1&nbsp;[[Cubic inch#Engine displacement|CID]]<!--based on stroke & bore--> (~4,230&nbsp;cc)}}<br />
|2 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Stroke: {{convert|3.895|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<br />
|3 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Bore: {{convert|3.75|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<br />
|4 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Power: n/a}}<br />
|5 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Torque: n/a}}<br />
|6 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Fuel&nbsp;Type: Gasoline}}<br />
|7 =<br />
}}</small> <u>'''4.0&nbsp;L ''[[AMC Straight-6 engine#4.0|AMC 242]]'' [[I6]]</u>'''<small>{{Collapsible list<br />
|title = Complete engine specs<ref name=xjmanual>{{cite manual <br />
| author = Jeep<br />
| title = Service Manual 2000 Jeep Cherokee<br />
| section = XJ 4.0L sec9 page115<br />
| sectionurl = <br />
| version = <br />
| publisher = DiamlerChrysler<br />
| year = 2000<br />
| url = <br />
| format = Print and pdf <br />
| id = <br />
| accessdate = 2008-05-01<br />
| quote = bore x stroke = 3.88 x 3.413 in<br />
}}</ref> <br />
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;<br />
|title_style = <!-- (optional) --><br />
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none; <br />
|1 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Displacement: 242.1&nbsp;[[Cubic inch#Engine displacement|CID]] (3,968&nbsp;cc)}}<br />
|2 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Stroke: {{convert|3.413|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=xjmanual/>}}<br />
|3 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Bore: {{convert|3.88|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=xjmanual/>}}<br />
|4 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Power: n/a}}<br />
|5 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Torque: n/a}}<br />
|6 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Fuel&nbsp;Type: Gasoline}}<br />
|7 =<br />
}}</small><br />
| transmission = Aisin AX-5 (4 cyl)<br>Aisin AX-15 (6 cyl)<br>Peugeot BA-10 (6 cyl)<br>3-speed ''[[TorqueFlite]] (6 cyl only)'' [[automatic transmission|automatic]] The TF904 was in the I4 (only in 1994, 1995) and the TF999 was in the I6<br />
| Transfer case = In 1987 NP207 1988–1995 NP231<br />
| width = 66 in (1676 mm)<br />
| body_style = 2-door [[convertible]]<br>2-door [[truck]]<br />
| length = 1987-89: 152.6 in (3876 mm)<br>1990-92: 153 in (3886 mm)<br>1993-95: 151.9 in (3860 mm)<br />
| assembly = [[Toledo, Ohio]]<br>[[Brampton, Ontario]], [[Canada]]<br />
| height = 1993-95: 71.9 in (1825 mm)<bR>1987–1992 Soft Top: 72 in (1827 mm)<br>1987–1992 Hardtop: 69.6 in (1769 mm)<br />
| wheelbase = 93.4 in (2373 mm)<br />
| fuel_capacity = {{convert|15|U.S.gal|L impgal|abbr=on|lk=on}} (standard)<br>{{convert|20|U.S.gal|L impgal|abbr=on}} (optional)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:1991-Jeep-Renegade-YJ-BIG.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Jeep Wrangler Renegade]] --><br />
The [[Jeep]] '''YJ''', sold as the '''Wrangler''', replaced the much-loved but slower-selling [[Jeep CJ]] in 1987 and was built in Brampton, Ontario, [[Canada]] until the plant closed on April 23, 1992. It was a new design with a wider wheelbase, slightly less [[ride height|ground clearance]], a galvanized body and more comfort. The YJ also had a leaf spring suspension similar to that of the CJ, however, the springs were wider, and the YJs sported trackbars and swaybars for added handling. YJs are easily identifiable by their rectangular headlights, which were a source of controversy when introduced. Despite the new grill, the body is very similar to the CJ7's, and it is interchangeable with some minor modifications. The YJ also was given a larger windshield over the CJ. 632,231 YJs were built through model year 1995, though YJs were still produced into mid '96 bringing the total production number to 685,071 units.<br />
<br />
The YJ used a 2.5&nbsp;L ''[[AMC Straight-4 engine|AMC 150]]'' [[I4 engine|I4]] or optional 4.2&nbsp;L ''[[AMC Straight-6 engine#258|AMC 258]]'' I6 until 1991. That year, a [[fuel injected]] 180&nbsp;hp (134&nbsp;kW) 4.0&nbsp;L [[AMC Straight-6 engine#4.0|AMC 242]] variant replaced the 112&nbsp;hp (84&nbsp;kW) 4.2&nbsp;L 258&nbsp;CID [[straight-6]]. The NP207 transfer case was used only in 1987 and replaced by the NP231 <br />
<br />
The roll cage was extended in 1992 to allow for rear shoulder belts, and [[anti-lock brake]]s were added as an option the next year. An [[automatic transmission]] option for 4-cylinder Wranglers came in 1994 along with a [[Automotive lighting#Center High Mount Stop Lamp (CHMSL)|center high-mounted stop light]].<br />
<br />
In 1994, the slave cylinder on manual transmissions was moved outside of the transmission's bellhousing to allow for easier replacement, and in 1995 larger U-joints were used [front axle U-joints(297x) and rear pinion U-joint(1330)]. For the 1992 model year, the YJ switched over to an electronic speedometer outmoding the cable speedos on older YJs. 1995 was the only year to have a fully galvanized frame and body.<br />
<br />
YJs produced in early 1996 were sold as 1995 model years, but featured a few new parts not seen on any earlier YJ. This included: the new TJ bumpstops on the hood (rubber boots vs the traditional U-bars), reinforced tailgate hinges, and it has been said that some even had rear TJ bumpers. Some lucky ones also got the newly tuned I6 that was tuned to run quieter in preparation for the TJ.<br />
<br />
===YJ Wrangler Renegade===<br />
[[Image:91 Jeep Renegade.jpg|200px|thumb|left|1991 Jeep Renegade]]<br />
From 1991 until 1994, Jeep produced an options package on the YJ Wrangler listed as the "Renegade Decor Group". Initially, all Renegades were White, Black or Red. In 1992, Blue was added, in 1993, Bronze. The Renegade Decor Group was a $4,266.00 option over a base Wrangler in 1991 and included special alloy wheels, exclusive body flares, along with many other features.<br />
<br />
'''Contents of the Renegade Decor Package'''<br />
* 4.0 Litre (242&nbsp;CID) I-6 Engine<br />
* 29x9.5R15 LT OWL Wrangler A/T Tires<br />
* 5-Hole Aluminum Wheels, 8 inch wide.<br />
* Full size spare tire.<br />
* Highback seats with Trailcloth Fabric<br />
* Off-Road Gas Shocks<br />
* Power Steering<br />
* Fog Lamps (integrated into the front fenders)<br />
* Leather wrapped [[steering wheel]]<br />
* Renegade striping (door letters)<br />
* Floor carpeting (full width, and on insides of body tub)<br />
* Floor mats, front<br />
* Extra capacity fuel tank (20 US&nbsp;gal.)<br />
* Color Keyed Fender Flares with integrated bodyside steps<br />
* Front and rear bumperettes (plastic)<br />
* [[Center console]] with [[cup holder]]s<br />
* Courtesy and engine compartment lights<br />
* Interval Wipers<br />
* Glove box lock<br />
<br />
Additionally, hardtops received a mandatory rear window defroster at a $164.00 premium. Hardtops themselves were a $923.00 option.<br />
<br />
All Renegades typically had the Tilt Steering wheel ($130.00) and an AM/FM/Cassette Stereo Radio ($264.00).<br />
<br />
A column shift automatic was also an available option (this option was rare).<br />
<br />
While a base Wrangler with the inline 6 went for $12,356.00, the Renegade package pushed that price up to $18,588.00 in 1991. Dealer mark-up moved the price to $19,273.00.<br />
<br />
These vehicles were sent as optioned Wranglers to Auto Style Cars in [[Detroit]], where the Renegade Decor Package was installed, then shipped back to Jeep for delivery to dealers. Renegades all have a small sticker on the driver's side door, right above the latch denoting the visit to ASC.<br />
<br />
At the price premium over a standard Wrangler, sales were fairly limited, so finding one today is a semi-rare occurrence. The price, plus what hardcore Jeepers felt were "funny looking plastic fenders" limited the sales. Although having nearly identical off-road capabilities, these Jeep were typically used as "beach cruisers" because of both their price and rarity, as well as the fact that their over sized flares and body cladding were not designed for the abuse that tree branches and over sized tires can deal out.<br />
<br />
===Trim Levels===<br />
<br />
North American YJ/Wrangler were available in the following standard trims.<br />
<br />
* Base (also referred to as "S" & "SE" at different points in the model run; first few years the back seat and rear bumperettes were optional, some years the 6cyl engine was an option, other years only the 4cyl was available in the "Base" model)<br />
* Laredo (Chrome grille, bumpers, and trim, hard top and hard full doors, tinted windows, faux leather interior, body color fender flares and alloy wheels)<br />
* Islander (which included "Sunset" Islander graphics and body colored wheel flares)<br />
* Sport (which featured "sport" graphics and, beginning in 1991, a 4.0&nbsp;L 242&nbsp;CID inline-6 cylinder engine)<br />
* Sahara (which came standard with most available options, including body color fender flares and alloy wheels)<br />
* Renegade (which ran until 1994, and featured a similar option package as Sahara, but added premium wheels, deluxe interior group as well as oversized "Renegade" wheel flares and body cladding)<br />
* Rio Grande (Available in champagne gold, moss green and white, with a Pueblo themed interior trim package, this trim was only available in 1995 and was added to spice up the base model Wrangler 'S' hence this trim was only available with the 4-cylinder models)<br />
<br clear="both" /><br />
<br />
==TJ (1996–2006)==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = TJ<br />
| image = [[Image:TJ-Jeep-Wrangler-X.jpg|250px|TJ Jeep Wrangler X]]<br />
| production = 1997–2006<br />
| assembly = [[Toledo, Ohio]]<br />
| engine = <u>'''2.5&nbsp;L ''[[AMC Straight-4 engine|AMC 150]]'' [[I4 engine|I4]]</u>'''<small>{{Collapsible list<br />
|title = Complete engine specs <br />
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;<br />
|title_style = <!-- (optional) --><br />
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none; <br />
|1 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Displacement: 150.4&nbsp;[[Cubic inch#Engine displacement|CID]] (2,465&nbsp;cc)}}<br />
|2 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Stroke: {{convert|3.188|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<br />
|3 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Bore: {{convert|3.875|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<br />
|4 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Power: varied}}<br />
|5 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Torque: varied}}<br />
|6 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Fuel&nbsp;Type: Gasoline}}<br />
|7 =<br />
}}</small> <u>'''2.4&nbsp;L ''[[Chrysler PowerTech engine#2.4|PowerTech]]'' [[I4 engine|I4]]</u>'''<small>{{Collapsible list<br />
|title = Complete engine specs<br />
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;<br />
|title_style = <!-- (optional) --><br />
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none; <br />
|1 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Displacement: 148.2&nbsp;[[Cubic inch#Engine displacement|CID]] (2,429&nbsp;cc)}}<br />
|2 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Stroke: {{convert|3.94|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<br />
|3 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Bore: {{convert|3.41|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<br />
|4 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Power: n/a}}<br />
|5 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Torque: n/a}}<br />
|6 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Fuel&nbsp;Type: Gasoline}}<br />
|7 =<br />
}}</small> <u>'''4.0&nbsp;L ''[[AMC Straight-6 engine#4.0|AMC 242]]'' [[I6]]</u>'''<small>{{Collapsible list<br />
|title = Complete engine specs<ref name=xjmanual/><br />
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;<br />
|title_style = <!-- (optional) --><br />
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none; <br />
|1 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Displacement: 242.1&nbsp;[[Cubic inch#Engine displacement|CID]] (3,968&nbsp;cc)}}<br />
|2 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Stroke: {{convert|3.413|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=xjmanual/>}}<br />
|3 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Bore: {{convert|3.88|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=xjmanual/>}}<br />
|4 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Power: 190 hp}}<br />
|5 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Torque: 225 ft/lbs.}}<br />
|6 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Fuel&nbsp;Type: Gasoline}}<br />
|7 =<br />
}}</small><br />
| body_style = 2-door [[convertible]]<br>2-door [[truck]]<br />
| width = 1997–2003, 2004-06 LWB: 68.3 in (1735 mm)<br>2004-06 SWB: 66.7 in (1694 mm)<br />
| length = 1997-99: 151.2 in (3841 mm)<Br>2000-03: 155.4 in (3947 mm)<Br>2004-06 SWB: 154.9 in (3934 mm)<Br>2004-06 LWB: 171 in (4343 mm)<br />
| height = 1997-99: 70.2 in (1784 mm)<Br>2000-01: 71.1 in (1805 mm)<Br>2002-03 & 2004-06 LWB: 70.9 in (1800 mm)<Br>2004-06 SWB: 71.2 in (1808 mm)<br />
| fuel_capacity = {{convert|15|U.S.gal|L impgal|abbr=on}} <br><center>or</center> {{convert|19|U.S.gal|L impgal|abbr=on}}<br />
| transmission = 3-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]<br><br />
4-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]<br><br />
5-speed [[manual transmission|manual]]<br><br />
6-speed [[manual transmission|manual]]<br />
| wheelbase = 93.4&nbsp;in (2372&nbsp;mm) standard<br />103.4&nbsp;in (2626&nbsp;mm) LWB<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The YJ gave way to the '''TJ''' for the 1997 model year (note that there was no 1996 model year; the 1997 TJ was released in Spring 1996). This updated Wrangler featured a coil-spring suspension (based on that of the [[Jeep Grand Cherokee]]) for better ride and handling, and a return to the CJ's iconic round headlamps. The engine is the same 4.0&nbsp;L [[AMC Straight 6 engine|AMC 242 Straight-6]] used in the [[Jeep Cherokee|Cherokee]] and [[Jeep Grand Cherokee|Grand Cherokee]]. A 2.5&nbsp;L [[AMC Engines#150 (2.5 L) AMC|AMC 150 Inline-4]] motor was available on entry-level models until 2003 when the 2.4&nbsp;L [[DOHC]] ''[[Chrysler Neon engine#2.4|Neon]]'' 4-cylinder engine replaced it.<br />
<br />
A [[right hand drive]] version of the TJ was available for export markets, and was also offered for sale to US rural route postal carriers. The version offered to US postal carriers was only available with an automatic transmission.<br />
<br />
Other changes included the 1999 additions of a larger standard fuel tank, child seat tethers and sound system improvements in 2000, and a new console, steering wheel, and a revised dashboard for 2001. 2002 saw other minor changes including new colors, along with available wheel styles.<br />
<br />
===TJ Wrangler Rubicon===<br />
[[Image:Rubicon 019.jpg|200px|thumb|left|TJ Rubicon with aftermarket modifications]]<br />
[[Image:Jeep-Wrangler-Rubicon.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Stock Jeep Wrangler Rubicon]]The '''Wrangler Rubicon''' (named for the famed [[Rubicon Trail]] in the Sierra Nevada Mountains) was introduced in 2003. It featured front and rear Dana 44 axles with built-in air-actuated [[locking differential]]s, 4:1 low-range NV241OR transfer case, 4.10:1 differential gears, 16 in alloy wheels, and [[Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company|Goodyear]] MTR P245/75-R16 tires. 2003 to 2004 featured a standard NV3500 five-speed [[manual transmission]], which changed in 2005 to the NSG370, a [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]-sourced six-speed. The optional 42RLE four-speed [[automatic transmission]] was available from 2003 to 2006.<br />
<br />
A limited run of 1,001 Wrangler Rubicon "''Tomb Raider''" models were produced in 2003 to promote the ''[[Tomb Raider]]'' sequel, ''[[Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life]]''. Along with the standard Rubicon fare, it also included exterior features such as 16 inch Alcoa forged aluminum wheels, ''Tomb Raider'' badging, and [[Mopar]] accessories including a light bar, riveted fender flares, tubular grille guard, diamond-plated bumper guard, etc. Interior features included Dark Slate fabric seats with red accent stitching down the center, silver surround instrument panel bezel, red seatbelts and a ''Tomb Raider'' badge with serial number. To match the vehicle in the film, it was offered in Bright Silver.<br />
<br />
===TJ / LJ Wrangler Unlimited===<br />
[[Image:Jeep-Wrangler-Unlimited-TJ.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Jeep TJ Wrangler Unlimited soft-top]]In 2004, Jeep introduced the '''Wrangler Unlimited''' with a 10&nbsp;inch (~25.4&nbsp;cm) longer wheelbase (LWB), a Dana 44 rear axle with a 3:73 gear ratio and the '''Command-Trac''' 231 transfer case; this model is also known by its unofficial designation of '''LJ'''. In 2005, Jeep released the '''Rubicon Unlimited''', which has the wheelbase of the Unlimited and the off-road features of the Rubicon such as front and rear Dana 44 axles with locking differentials, diamond plate rocker guards, an NVG241OR transfer case with a 4.0:1 low range, 245/75R16 Goodyear MT/R tires, a six-speed manual transmission and other comfort and convenience options not offered on other Wranglers. This model of the Jeep Wrangler has nearly double the towing capacity than its shorter wheelbase sibling due to increased wheelbase.<br />
<br />
===TJ Trim Levels===<br />
* Base - also referred to as "SE" TJ that was standard with a four-cylinder engine<br />
* X - available after 2002, it was the equivalent to earlier standard optioned 'Sport' models<br />
* Sport - which came standard with the 4.0-liter (242&nbsp;CID) inline six-cylinder engine<br />
* Sahara - the premium model until 2005, which came standard with most available options, including the 4.0-liter engine, alloy wheels, fog lights and the premium interior group<br />
* Rubicon - beginning in 2003, the premium "off-road" model, which came standard with most of the available off-road options and included the "Rubicon appearance package", which included 16" alloy wheels (other trims were 15"), fog lights, and lower bodyside "diamond" plating. Rubicon models also received front and rear air [[Locking differential|lockers]], Dana 44 center differentials front and rear, as well as a 4:1 transfer case with fixed rear output dubbed the NV241OR.<br />
* Unlimited - beginning in 2004, Unlimited offered more interior room (increased legroom for rear passengers, and improved storage space behind the rear seat), greater towing capacity, 3,500 pounds (1600 kg), and was available in a standard or Rubicon trim. The AMC designed and Chrysler refined 4.0&nbsp;L along with Jeep alloy wheels were standard on all models. On soft tops, the "Sunrider" flip-back sunroof feature is standard as well. Its unofficial model designation was "LJ" instead of "TJ" as that was used for traditional sized Wranglers.<br />
<br clear="both" /><br />
<br />
==JK (2007–Present)==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = JK<br />
| image = [[Image:2007-Jeep-Wrangler-X.jpg|250px|2007 Jeep Wrangler X 2-door soft-top]]<br />
| production = 2007–present<br />
| engine = <u>'''3.8&nbsp;L ''[[Chrysler 3.3 engine#3.8|EGH]]'' [[V6]]'''</u> <br /><small>{{Collapsible list<br />
|title = Complete engine specs<ref name="3.8L"/> <br />
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;<br />
|title_style = <!-- (optional) --><br />
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none; <br />
|1 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Displacement: 230.5&nbsp;[[Cubic inch#Engine displacement|CID]] (3778&nbsp;cc)<ref name="3.8L">{{cite web |url=http://www.jeep.com/bridge/vehsuite.html?app=vehiclespecs&family=wrangler&model=Technical&zipcode=10101&year=2008 |title=Jeep Specs & Upgrades |accessdate=2008-04-16 |format= |work= |publisher=Chrysler LLC}}</ref>}}<br />
|2 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Stroke: {{convert|3.43|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<ref name="3.8L"/><br />
|3 = {{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Bore: {{convert|3.78|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<ref name="3.8L"/><br />
|4 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Power: {{convert|202|hp|abbr=on}}}}<ref name="3.8L"/><br />
|5 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Torque: {{convert|237|ft.lbf|abbr=on}}}}<ref name="3.8L"/><br />
|6 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Fuel&nbsp;Economy <small><small>(Combined)</small></small>:{{mpg|16|}}}}<br />
|7 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Fuel&nbsp;Type: Gasoline}}<br />
}}</small><br />
| width = 2-door: 73.7&nbsp;in (1872&nbsp;mm)<br />4-door: 73.9&nbsp;in (1877&nbsp;mm)<br />
| length = 2-door: 152.8&nbsp;in (3880&nbsp;mm)<br />4-door: 173.4&nbsp;in (4405&nbsp;mm)<br />
| height = 70.9&nbsp;in (1800&nbsp;mm)<br />
| body_style = 2-door [[convertible]]<br />2-door [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]<br />4-door [[convertible]]<Br />4-door [[Sport utility vehicle|SUV]]<br />
| wheelbase = 2-door: 95.4&nbsp;in (2423&nbsp;mm)<br />4-door: 116&nbsp;in (2945&nbsp;mm)<br />
| transmission = 4-speed [[automatic transmission|automatic]]<br /><br />
6-speed [[manual transmission|manual]]<br />
| assembly = [[Toledo, Ohio]]<br />
| fuel_capacity = {{convert|21.6|U.S.gal|L impgal|abbr=on|lk=on}}<br />
}}<br />
[[Image:07-Jeep-Wrangler-Unlimited-X.jpg|thumb|left|2007 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited X soft top]]<br />
<br />
The 2007 model year brought the complete redesign of the Jeep Wrangler, in both two and four-door models. The TJ platform was replaced by a new '''JK''' platform. This next-generation Wrangler was significantly larger than the existing model, with a 2&nbsp;inch (50.8&nbsp;mm) longer wheelbase and 3.4&nbsp;inch (86.4&nbsp;mm) wider track, though the two door model is actually 2.5&nbsp;inches shorter in the overall length than the TJ, allowing for better approach and departure angles. With a larger available standard tire size of 32&nbsp;in, breakover angle is unchanged.<br />
<br />
JK was introduced at the 2006 [[North American International Auto Show]] with past Chrysler group CEO [[Tom LaSorda]] driving one up some steps and through a plate glass window, just as [[Robert Lutz]] had done at the show in 1992 with the [[Jeep Grand Cherokee]]. The JK was first available for purchase with the 2007 model year.<br />
<br />
[[Image:2007-Jeep-Wrangler-Unlimited.jpg|thumb|left|2007 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited hard top]]<br />
<br />
The JK Wrangler is offered in two versions:<br />
* A short-wheelbase 2-door, in X, Sahara and Rubicon trim levels.<br />
* A long-wheelbase ''Unlimited'' 4-door, also in X, Sahara and Rubicon trim levels.<br />
<br />
The Wrangler X is available with factory installed [[right-hand drive]]. This model is targeted at mail carriers. Rural mail boxes in the United States are on the right-hand side of the road, and are serviced with the carrier behind the wheel. This may also be useful for carriers who wish to get out of their vehicle without the risk of getting hit by traffic. For the 2007 and 2008 model years, the short-wheelbase Wrangler was the right-hand drive Jeep. For the 2009 model year, the right-hand drive Wrangler will be replaced by the right-hand drive Wrangler Unlimited.<br />
<br />
A 3.8&nbsp;L ''[[Chrysler 3.3 engine#3.8|EGH]]'' [[V6]] with a displacement of 230.5 cubic inches (3778&nbsp;cc)<ref name=3.8L/>, producing 205&nbsp;hp (153&nbsp;kW) and 240&nbsp;ft·lbf (325&nbsp;N·m) is the base engine, replacing the venerable [[AMC Straight-6 engine|AMC 242 straight-6]]. The 2.8&nbsp;L [[VM Motori]] [[turbodiesel]] [[straight-4]] used in the [[Jeep Liberty|Liberty]] is offered as options outside of U.S, as it does not satisfy U.S. emission control standards for 2007.<br />
<br />
A six-speed [[manual transmission]] is standard, with a four-speed [[automatic transmission]] offered as an option. The lower two levels have the Jeep [[Command-Trac|Command-Trac NV241]] part-time two-speed transfer case with an optional ''Trac-Loc'' [[limited-slip differential]], while the ''Rubicon'' uses a ''Rock-Trac'' version of the NV241 with a 4:1 low range. Electronic locking front- and rear-axles called ''Tru-loc'' are also standard on Rubicon models. (rear [[Locking differential|locker]] optional on X models)<br />
<br />
[[Stability control]] is a new safety feature for the JK Wrangler. All versions offer off-road tuned [[Anti-lock braking system]] and [[traction control]] system with electronic [[limited slip differential#Electronic|limited slip differential]]. Standard on the Rubicon trim is a new electronic sway bar disconnect system.<br />
<br />
The JK runs almost all vehicle functions other than steering under computer software control. Engine, transmission, and to some extent braking are computer controlled, as are lights and auxiliary systems. This is a first for the Wrangler. As of mid-2007, there have been three safety recalls for software fixes.[http://project-jk.com/jeep-jk/jeep-jk-tsb-recalls/recalls/]<br />
<br />
A ''Sunrider'' convertible soft top is standard equipment. Also available on the JK model is an optional 3-piece modular hardtop. Although the doors can still be removed in traditional Wrangler fashion, power windows and remote power door locks will be offered for the first time in a Wrangler. Another first is an available [[navigation system]]. This is the first generation of the Jeep Wrangler to have a change in the tail lamps.<br />
<br />
The 2009 model added standard Hill Start Assist (HSA) to prevent rollback on graded surfaces. Trailer Sway Control (TSC) also is available to monitor vehicle movement relative to the intended path and activates the [[Electronic Stability Program]] (ESP) if the trailer begins to sway outside set parameters. Additionally, [[ULEV]] II emissions replace [[LEV]] II emissions on manual transmission equipped vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jeephorizons.com/news/09_wrangler_090108.html|title=2009 Jeep Wrangler |work=[[jeephorizons.com]]|accessmonthday=September 3 |accessyear=2008}}</ref><br />
<br />
===JK Trim Levels===<br />
<br />
Both Standard and Unlimited Wranglers are available in three trim packages.<br />
Each package can be ordered with either hard or soft top, full or half doors(08 unlimited only).<br />
<br />
The '''X''' model is the "bare bones" wrangler that can be customized to a buyers specifications adding such options as air conditioning, power windows and locks soft or hard top, fog lights, 32" tires, rear LSD or locker, electronic swaybar disconnect, and other accessories.<br />
<br />
The '''Sahara''' model is the "luxury" model offering accessories such as body colored fenders, built in navigation, "Yes Essentials" seats, power windows and locks, a 7 speaker infinity sound system with subwoofer, among others.<br />
[[Image:Jeep_Wrangler_Rubicon.jpg|thumb|right|Jeep Wrangler Rubicon hardtop]]<br />
<br />
The '''Rubicon''' package is the dedicated "Offroad" package. Standard components of the rubicon package include Front and rear Dana 44 axles, front and rear electronic lockers, rock rails, Electronic sway bar disconnect, 32 spline axles, 4:1 Rock-Trac transfer case, 4.10 axle gearing,"Yes Essentials" seats, 7 speaker infinity sound system, and any other available option can be added. <br />
<br />
===JK Wrangler Unlimited===<br />
[[Image:2008 Wrangler JK Unlimited Sahara.jpg|thumb|right|2008 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Sahara]]<br />
The JK series 2007 '''Wrangler Unlimited''' was unveiled at the [[New York Auto Show]] on April 12, 2006. It is stretched even more than the TJ model, with four doors and 20.6&nbsp;inches (523&nbsp;mm) added to the JK Wrangler's 95.4&nbsp;inch (2423&nbsp;mm) wheelbase. It is priced near $21,000.<br />
<br />
Unlimited has the same engine and transmission choices as a short-wheelbase JK. X and Sahara trims offer an option of 2x4 rear wheel drive. It is the only four door convertible available in the U.S., since the Hummer H1 with optional rag-top is no longer sold as a civilian vehicle.<br />
<br />
The Unlimited offers more options and equipment than any previous Wrangler model, including standard [[electronic stability program]] and optional seat-mounted side airbags, remote keyless entry, [[navigation system]], and [[Sirius satellite radio]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=109966|title=Jeep Unveils Stretched 2007 Wrangler Unlimited with $21,000 Price Tag|work=[[Edmunds.com]]|accessmonthday=April 12 |accessyear=2006}}</ref> The navigation and satellite systems are a part of the MyGig Entertainment system that also has a hard drive allowing for the storage of MP3 music files and pictures. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chrysler.com/en/owners/mygig/|title=My Chrysler: MyGig- How MyGig Works|accessmonthday=June 9 |accessyear=2008}}</ref><br />
<br />
On September 13, 2007, at the [[Defence Systems & Equipment International]] trade show, [[Chrysler LLC]] unveiled a Wrangler Unlimited version designed for military use dubbed the J8. The unarmored [[Jeep J8]] is equipped with larger brakes, axles and suspension components than the civilian version and has a payload capacity of 1,339&nbsp;kg (2,952&nbsp;lb). The J8 also differs from the civilian model by utilizing heavy-duty rear [[leaf springs]] for carrying heavier payloads. The Jeep J8 is powered by a 2.8-litre four-cylinder [[turbo-diesel engine]] that produces 118&nbsp;kW (158&nbsp;hp) and 400&nbsp;N·m (295&nbsp;lbf·ft) of torque, providing towing capability of up to 3,500&nbsp;kg (7,700&nbsp;lb). The engine is mated to a five-speed automatic transmission. The J8 also features a unique air-intake system with special filtration and a hood-mounted snorkel that enables the J8 to wade in water up to 762&nbsp;mm (30&nbsp;in) deep and tackle sandstorm conditions for up to five hours. Available as a two-door with an extended pickup bed for personnel or equipment transport, or a four-door multipurpose vehicle, it may be produced with numerous vehicle-body and seating configurations in either right-hand- or left-hand-drive.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jeephorizons.com/news/j8_091307.html|title=New Military Version of Jeep Wrangler Unlimited|work=[[jeephorizons.com]]|accessmonthday=September 16 |accessyear=2007}}</ref> Targeted for use by the militaries in overseas markets, the J8 is not available in the United States because it will not meet U.S. emissions requirements. The J8 will be produced in Egypt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/autos/0709/gallery.jeep_wrangler_history//index.html?cnn=yes|title=Back in the Army|work=[[CNN.com]]|accessmonthday=September 23 |accessyear=2007}}</ref><br />
<br />
The 2009 model added standard Hill Start Assist (HSA) to prevent rollback on graded surfaces. Trailer Sway Control (TSC) also is available to monitor vehicle movement relative to the intended path and activates the [[Electronic Stability Program]] (ESP) if the trailer begins to sway outside set parameters. Additionally, [[ULEV]] II emissions replace [[LEV]] II emissions on manual transmission equipped vehicles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jeephorizons.com/news/09_unlimited_090108.html|title=2009 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited|work=[[jeephorizons.com]]|accessmonthday=September 3 |accessyear=2008}}</ref><br />
<br />
<br clear="both" /><br />
<br />
== Recognition ==<br />
The Jeep Wrangler received the "Models to Best Hold Its Value" recognition by [[Kelley Blue Book]] in 1998, 1999, and 2003.<ref>[http://www.carfax.com/DP_Rpt_Links/KBB_Award_Winners.cfm#1998 CARFAX - Kelley Blue Book-Models to Best Hold Its Value], retrieved on [[2008-05-12]]</ref><br />
<br />
The 2008 edition of [[Forbes]] Autos lists the four-wheel-drive convertible Jeep Wrangler at number four among the top ten vehicles with the highest resale value.<ref>[http://www.forbesautos.com/advice/toptens/best-overall-resale-value-2008-story.html Zygmont, Jeff. "Top 10 Vehicles with the Highest Resale Value", ForbesAutos.com, 2008-07-31], retrieved on [[2008-09-13]].</ref><br />
<br />
==2010 Electric Wrangler==<br />
{{See|Envi (automobile)}}<br />
In September 2008, Chrysler Vice Chairman Tom LaSorda unveiled a range-extended electric 4-door Wrangler along with similarly engineered [[Chrysler Town and Country|Town and Country]] minivan and a purely electric sports car. The Wrangler would have a {{convert|40|mi|km|adj=on}} range before a gas engine starts and begins supplying additional electricity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080923/AUTO01/809230421 |title=Chrysler plans to sell electric car in 2010 |accessdate=2008-09-24 |last=Burgess |first=Scott |coauthors= |date= September 23, 2008 |work= |publisher=The Detroit News}}</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
;Notes<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
;External links<br />
{{Refbegin}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060109/FREE/60109003/1041/DETROITINDEX|title=Jeep touting ruggedness of redesigned Wrangler|work=[[AutoWeek]]|accessmonthday=January 9 |accessyear=2006}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060109/AUTO04/601090382/1148/AUTO01|title=Jeep's target: Everybody|work=[[Detroit News]]|accessmonthday=January 9 |accessyear=2006}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://automobilemag.com/auto_shows/naias_2006/0602_jeep_wrangler/|title=2007 Jeep Wrangler|work=[[Automobile Magazine]]|accessmonthday=January 9 |accessyear=2006}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.jeep.com/07wrangler/features/full-specifications.pdf|format=PDF|title=2007 Jeep Wrangler|work=Jeep.com|accessmonthday=January 12 |accessyear=2006}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://cnwmr.com/nss-folder/automotiveenergy/|title=CNW's 'Dust to Dust' Automotive Energy Report}}<br />
* {{cite web|url=http://www.autotrader.co.uk/EDITORIAL/car_page_content/34232.html|title=Jeep Wrangler Trading Magazine|work=autotrader.co.uk|accessmonthday=December 18 |accessyear=2007}}<br />
* {{cite web|http://www.ijeep.co.uk/jeep-wrangler/|title=Jeep Wrangler|url=http://www.ijeep.co.uk/jeep-wrangler/|work=ijeep.co.uk|accessmonthday=January 1 |accessyear=2008}}<br />
{{Refend}}<br />
<br />
{{Jeep}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jeep platforms|Wrangler]]<br />
[[Category:Jeep vehicles|Wrangler]]<br />
[[Category:Off-road vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:All wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:1980s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:1990s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:2000s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1987]]<br />
[[Category:Retro style automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:Goods manufactured in the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Plug-in hybrid vehicles]]</div>69.88.33.33https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Dodge_AvengerDodge Avenger2009-02-03T18:28:17Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[.{2}:[^:]+\]\] +)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Automobile<br />
|name=Dodge Avenger<br />
|image=[[Image:2008-Dodge-Avenger.jpg|250px|2008 Dodge Avenger SE]]<br />
|class=[[Mid-size]]<br />
|manufacturer=[[Mitsubishi Motors]] (1995-2000)<br>[[Chrysler LLC]] (2008-present)<br />
<br />
|production=1995-1997<br>2008-present<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The Dodge Avenger name identifies four different cars:<br />
<br />
*The '''Dodge Avenger''' which was a renamed "[[Hillman Avenger]]"<br />
*The '''Dodge Avenger''' coupe (1995-2000)<br />
*The '''Dodge Avenger Concept''' from the 2003 [[North American International Auto Show]]<br />
*The '''Dodge Avenger (JS)''' sedan released in 2007 for the 2008 model year.<br />
<br />
==Rebranded Hillman Avenger (1970s)==<br />
{{Main|Hillman Avenger}}<br />
In the 1970s, the [[Hillman Avenger]] was branded as a Dodge in some markets where the Hillman brand did not exist. At the time, Hillman was owned by [[Chrysler Corporation]]. Chrysler's 1970 Annual Report noted that these markets were outside of North America and Europe; the Dodge Avenger was sold in including [[South Africa]] and possibly other countries <ref name="allpar_hillman">{{cite web | url= http://www.allpar.com/model/avengertiger.html | title=Hillman Avenger (Dodge Polara/1500/1800, Plymouth Cricket, Chrysler Sunbeam) and Tiger | journal=[http://www.allpar.com/ Allpar] | accessdate=2008-07-01 }}</ref>.<br />
<br />
The Hillman/Dodge Avenger was a relatively small, light B-class car with [[rear wheel drive]]<ref name="motorbaseHillman">{{cite web | url= http://www.motorbase.com/vehicle/by-id/753/ | title=Hillman Avenger | journal=[http://www.motorbase.com/ Motorbase] | accessdate=2008-07-12 }}</ref>, with a computer-designed body shell in [[sedan (car)|sedan]] and [[station wagon]] variants. It used new four-cylinder Rootes Group engines, except for Dodge Avengers assembled in South Africa, which used Peugeot engines to meet local content rules<ref name="allpar_hillman"/>.<br />
<br />
==Dodge Avenger coupe (1995-2000)==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Dodge Avenger coupe<br />
| image = [[Image:Dodge-Avenger-coupe.jpg|250px|Dodge Avenger]]<br />
| production = 1995–2000<br />
|layout = [[FF layout]]<br />
|assembly=[[Normal, Illinois]], [[USA]]<br />
|predecessor=[[Dodge Daytona]]<br>[[Dodge Stealth]]<br />
|successor=[[Dodge Stratus coupe]] (for 2001)<br />
| body_style = 2-door [[coupe]]<br />
|engine=2.0 L ''[[Chrysler Neon engine#D4RE|420A]]'' [[I4 engine|I4]]<br>2.5 L [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] ''[[Mitsubishi 6G7x engine#6G73|6G73]]'' [[V6]]<br />
| wheelbase = {{Auto in|103.7|0}}<br />
| length = {{Auto in|190.2|0}} (1998-2000)<br> {{Auto in|187.2|0}} (1995-97)<br />
| width = {{Auto in|69.1|0}} (1998-2000)<Br> {{Auto in|68.5|0}} (1995-97)<br />
| height = {{Auto in|53.0|0}} (1998-2000)<br> {{Auto in|51|0}} (1995-97)<br />
| transmission = 5-speed [[manual transmission|<br />
manual]]<br>4-speed ''[[Ultradrive|41TE]]'' [[automatic transmission|automatic]]<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler D platform|Chrysler FJ platform]]<br />
| related = [[Chrysler Sebring (coupe)]]<br>[[Eagle Talon]]<br>[[Mitsubishi Eclipse]]<br>[[Mitsubishi Galant]]<br />
}}<br />
The first '''Dodge Avenger''' to be sold in North America was a 2-door coupe produced from 1995 to 2000, in a similar size and price class as the [[Dodge Daytona]], which was discontinued in 1993. The Avenger, along with the similar [[Chrysler Sebring]] coupe, was built by [[Diamond Star Motors]] (DSM), a [[joint venture]] between [[Chrysler Corporation]] and [[Mitsubishi Motors]], on a version of the [[Mitsubishi Galant]] platform (which also spawned the similar [[Mitsubishi Eclipse]]). Mitsubishi purchased Chrysler's share of the joint venture in 1995. Avengers and Sebring coupes built from 1995 to 1996 both have DSM markings in their engine compartments.<br />
<br />
The Avenger had a 103&nbsp;in (2.62&nbsp;m) wheelbase and used either a 2.0 L [[straight-4]] (the Chrysler 420A) or a Mitsubishi-designed [[Mitsubishi 6G7x engine#6G73|2.5 L V6]]. The 4-cylinder was coupled to either a five-speed [[manual transmission]], shared with the [[Mitsubishi Eclipse]] and [[Eagle Talon]], or a 4-speed automatic. The [[V6]] was only available with the A604 transmission.<ref name="allpar">{{cite web | url= http://www.allpar.com/model/sebring.html | title=The First Generation Chrysler Sebring and Dodge Avenger coupes | journal=[http://www.allpar.com/ Allpar] | accessdate=2008-06-30 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Changes===<br />
[[Anti-lock braking system|ABS]] was used in all ES models to 1999. In 1997, the front fascia, trunklid, and rear bumper were changed; 16 inch wheels were standard, and the license plate was moved from the decklid to the rear bumper. In 2000, the V6 and automatic transmission combination was made standard on all Avengers, and ABS was made an "option" for ES models. The four-cylinder [[internal combustion engine|engine]] was dropped for 2000.<br />
<br />
===Trims===<br />
*1995-2000 - "Highline" base model (V6 among other options made standard in 2000)<br />
*1995-2000 - ''ES''<br />
<br />
A "Sport Appearance Package" could be added on to Base model cars. This package included alloy wheels (different from those on the ES) with other options.<br />
<br />
====Timeline====<br />
'''1994:''' A 1994 Dodge IROC Dodge Avenger sports coupe replaced the [[Dodge Daytona]], which had been used since 1990. Only six of these were sold from IROC in [[New Jersey]].{{fact|date=June 2008}} All were powered by a small block V8.<br />
<br />
'''1995:''' Initial introduction - replaces the Daytona. A [[DOHC]] 16-valve 2.0 L I4 engine (140 hp, {{Auto ft.lbf|130|0}} of torque) is standard. A [[SOHC]] 24-valve 2.5 L [[V6 engine]] and an [[automatic transmission]] (155 hp, {{Auto ft.lbf|160|0}} of torque) are made optional on the ES. Fog lamps and ABS are also optional on the ES.<br />
<br />
'''1996:''' Power and torque ratings for the V6 are increased (163 horsepower, {{Auto ft.lbf|170|0}}. torque), ES Coupes had new seat fabric.<br />
<br />
'''1997:''' Sport model introduced (in addition to the base and SE). The Avenger Sport package consisted of exclusive 16-inch aluminum wheels and a body-color spoiler. New front and rear fascias are added. Added a body-color rear spoiler, P215/50HR17 tires, and 17-inch cast aluminum wheels for the ES. The V6 is also standard for the ES, as well as rear disc brakes.<br />
<br />
'''1998:''' An on-board recycling vapor recovery system, cafe latte exterior color and a black and gray interior color combination are added.<br />
<br />
'''1999:''' Next generation driver and front passenger airbags are added, as well as a new exterior color: Shark Blue. The V6 engine and automatic transmission are standard on all models in mid-year, as well as several options.<br />
<br />
'''2000:''' Last year for the Avenger. V6/automatic drive train are standard. ABS an option on ES models. Gained a number of standard features that had previously been optional, including power windows and locks. Base models added cruise control and 4-wheel [[disc brake]]s. ES coupes now come with standard leather upholstery, keyless remote entry, and a power driver's seat.<br />
<br />
In 2000, the Avenger was discontinued and replaced by the [[Dodge Stratus]] coupe for 2001. This model was also made at the former Diamond Star plant by Mitsubishi, using the Eclipse platform and architecture, though the Stratus sedan was engineered and built by Chrysler.<br />
<br />
==Dodge Avenger sedan (2008-present)==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Dodge Avenger sedan<br />
| image = [[Image:Dodge Avenger front 20080419.jpg|250px|2008 Dodge Avenger (Europe)]]<br />
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]]<br />
| production = 2008-present<br />
|predecessor=[[Dodge Stratus]]<br />
|platform = [[Mitsubishi GS platform|Chrysler JS platform]]<br />
|assembly=[[Sterling Heights, Michigan]], [[USA]]<br />
| engine = <u>'''2.4&nbsp;L ''[[Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance|GEMA]]'' [[I4 engine|I4]]'''</u><small>{{Collapsible list<br />
|title = Complete engine specs<br />
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;<br />
|title_style = <!-- (optional) --><br />
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;<br />
|1 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Displacement:144.0&nbsp;[[Cubic inch|CID]]&nbsp;(2,360&nbsp;cc)<ref name="specs1">{{cite web |url=http://www.dodge.com/bridge/vehsuite.html?app=vehiclespecs&family=avenger&model=Technical&zipcode=10101&year=2008 |title=Dodge - Specs & Upgrades: |accessdate=2008-07-17 |author= |date= |work= |publisher=Chrysler LLC}}</ref>}}<br />
|2 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Stroke: {{convert|3.82|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<ref name="specs1"/><br />
|3 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Bore: {{convert|3.46|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<ref name="specs1"/><br />
|4 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Power: {{convert|173|hp|abbr=on}}}}<ref name="specs1"/></small>}}<br />
<u>'''2.7 L ''[[Chrysler LH engine#2.7|EER]]'' [[V6]]'''</u><small>{{Collapsible list<br />
|title = Complete engine specs<br />
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;<br />
|title_style = <!-- (optional) --><br />
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;<br />
|1 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Displacement:167.0&nbsp;[[Cubic inch|CID]]&nbsp;(2,736&nbsp;cc)}}<ref name="specs1"/><br />
|2 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Stroke: {{convert|3.82|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<ref name="specs1"/><br />
|3 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Bore: {{convert|3.46|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<ref name="specs1"/><br />
|4 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Power: {{convert|187|hp|abbr=on}}}}<ref name="specs1"/></small>}}<br />
<u>'''3.5 L ''[[Chrysler SOHC V6 engine#3.5|EGJ]]'' [[V6]]'''</u><small>{{Collapsible list<br />
|title = Complete engine specs <br />
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;<br />
|title_style = <!-- (optional) --><br />
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none; <br />
|1 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Displacement:214.0&nbsp;[[Cubic inch|CID]]&nbsp;(3,518&nbsp;cc)}}<ref name="specs1"/><br />
|2 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Stroke: {{convert|3.19|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<ref name="specs1"/><br />
|3 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Bore: {{convert|3.78|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}}}<ref name="specs1"/><br />
|4 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Power: {{convert|235|hp|abbr=on}}}}<ref name="specs1"/></small>}}<br />
<u>'''2.0 L ''[[List_of_Volkswagen_Group_diesel_engines#2.0_TDI_PD_100-125kW|TDI]]'' ''[[I4 engine|I4]]''</u>'''<small>{{Collapsible list<br />
|title = Complete engine specs <br />
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;<br />
|title_style = <!-- (optional) --><br />
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none; <br />
|1 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Displacement:120.1&nbsp;[[Cubic inch|CID]]&nbsp;(1,968&nbsp;cc)}}<br />
|2 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Stroke: ?}}<br />
|3 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Bore: ?}}<br />
|4 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Power: ?}}<br />
|5 ={{nowrap|&nbsp;&bull;Fuel: Diesel}}</small>}}<br />
| transmission = 4-speed [[Ultradrive#40TES/41TES|40TES]] [[automatic transmission|automatic]]<br>4-speed [[Ultradrive#40TES/41TES|41TES]] automatic<br>6-speed [[Ultradrive#62TE|62TE]] automatic <br />
|wheelbase= {{Auto in|108.9|0}}<br />
|length= {{Auto in|190.9|0}}<br />
|width= {{Auto in|71.8|0}}<br />
|height= {{Auto in|58.9|0}}<br />
| layout = [[Front-engine design|Front engine]], [[front-wheel drive]] / [[four-wheel drive]]<br />
|plaform = [[Mitsubishi GS platform|Chrysler JS platform]]<br />
| related = [[Mitsubishi Lancer]]<br>[[Mitsubishi Outlander]]<br>[[Chrysler Sebring]]<br>[[Dodge Caliber]]<br>[[Jeep Compass]]<br>[[Jeep Patriot]]<br>[[Dodge Journey]]<br><br />
| similar=[[Chevrolet Malibu]]<bR>[[Ford Fusion (North America)|Ford Fusion]]<br>[[Nissan Altima]]<br />
| designer = [[Ryan Nagode]], Graduate of the [[Cleveland Institute of Art]], Industrial Design Program 2003<br />
}}<br />
The Dodge Avenger name returned in February 2007 as a [[Model year|MY]]2008 model<ref>{{cite web<br />
| title = New Dodge costs less than outgoing model<br />
| publisher = Autoweek, By Bradford Wernle, Automotive News<br />
| url = http://autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070117/FREE/70116004/1528/vents}}</ref> as a sedan to replace the [[Dodge Stratus]], whose coupe version had replaced the original Avenger in 2001. According to some reports, the Avenger, along with the redesigned [[Chrysler Sebring]], shares a [[DaimlerChrysler]]/[[Mitsubishi Motors]] platform called JS which used the Mitsubishi GS as a starting point, then was heavily modified. The base engine in the '''SE''' and '''SXT''' trim levels is the 2.4 L[[Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance|GEMA]]I4 naturally-aspirated "World Engine", a joint venture between [[DaimlerChrysler]], [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] and [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]]. Additional engines include an optional 2.7 L V6 in the '''SXT''' and a standard 3.5 L V6 in the '''R/T''' trim level. In addition to the 2.4 L "World Engine" and the V6s, export vehicles will be offered with the 2.0 L naturally-aspirated "World Engine", as well as a 2.0 L turbocharged diesel (Pumpe-Düse) made by [[Volkswagen]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allpar.com/cars/dodge/avenger.html|title=2008 Dodge Avenger cars |accessdate=2008-06-29 |work= |publisher=AllPar.com}}</ref> As a 2008 model, the Dodge Avenger came to showrooms in February 2007.<br />
[[Image:Dodge Avenger rear 20080517.jpg|thumb|left|Dodge Avenger]]<br />
Features on the new Avenger include optional heated/cooled cup holders as well as Dodge's new "Chill Zone", a feature that comes standard on all Avenger models, which can store up to four 12-US&nbsp;fl&nbsp;oz cans in the glove box and chill them to 40 degrees Fahrenheit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cargurus.com/Cars/Overview-c8193-2008-Avenger.html|title=2008 Dodge Avenger |accessdate=2008-06-29 |work= |publisher=CarGurus.com}}</ref><br />
<br />
Like its [[Dodge Journey]] stablemate, the Avenger's exterior was styled by Chrysler's [[Ryan Nagode]]. <ref>{{cite web<br />
| title = DRIVELINE: Dodge has strong hand in Journey<br />
| publisher = The London Free Press, Harry Pegg, February 8, 2008 <br />
| url = http://lfpress.ca/perl-bin/publish.cgi?x=articles&p=224188&s=wheels}}</ref> The interior was styled by Ben S. Chang.<ref>{{cite web<br />
| title = 2008 Dodge Avenger production cars <br />
| publisher = Allpar, LLC <br />
| accessdate = 2008-03-19<br />
| url = http://www.allpar.com/cars/dodge/avenger.html}}</ref><br />
<br />
The Avenger replaced the [[Dodge Charger (LX)|Charger]] as Dodge's car in [[NASCAR]] in 2007 for [[Car of Tomorrow]] races. It got its first win with former [[Formula 1]] driver [[Juan Pablo Montoya]] in the [[2007 Toyota/Save Mart 350]] at the [[Infineon Raceway]].<br />
<br />
The Avenger was officially unveiled at the [[Mondial de l'Automobile|Paris Motor Show]] on [[September 28]], [[2006]] as a [[concept car]]. It has been launched in [[Europe]] and will be sold in [[United Kingdom|Britain]], filling a gap in the [[Chrysler]] range that was left by the [[Chrysler Neon|Neon's]] demise four years earlier. It has also been launched in Australia, although currently with only the 2.4L engine.<br />
<br />
In the US, the Avenger was launched with a 30 television ad, "Tuned Up," that debuted Sunday, March 4, 2007 during NHL hockey, an ad in which a lab technician discovers he can play [[Smoke on the Water]] by [[Deep Purple]] on the Avenger's transmission. Another television spot likened the Avenger to the "superhero" vehicle for the everyman, depicting a driver piloting his Avenger through [[Gotham|Gotham-like]] streets and alleys, speaking to the MyGig entertainment system in distinctly [[Batman]]-reminiscent tones, to arrive home, pull into a two-car garage and open the rear door to a sleeping child in the rear car-seat. <ref>{{cite web<br />
| title = 2008 Dodge Avenger Launches Marketing Campaign<br />
| publisher = Carbuyersnotebook.com March 2, 2007<br />
| url =http://www.carbuyersnotebook.com/archives/2007/03/2008_dodge_aven_2.htm }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Trims===<br />
SE: 2.4L 4 Cyl DOHC 16V Dual VVT 4-speed automatic (discontinued in 2009)<br />
<br />
SXT: 2.4L 4 Cyl DOHC 16V Dual VVT 4-speed automatic<br />
SXT optional powertrain: 2.7L V6 DOHC 24-valve MPI 4-speed automatic<br />
<br />
R/T: 3.5L High Output V6 24V MPI 6-speed automatic<br />
<br />
R/T AWD: 3.5L High Output V6 24V MPI 6-speed automatic (Discontinued in 2009)<br />
<br />
==Motorsport==<br />
The first-generation Dodge Avenger body style was widely used in the [[National Hot Rod Association]], but came to the most prominence being driven by [[Darrell Alderman]], and [[Scott Geoffrion]], during their run from 1994-2000, as the celebrated ''Dodge Boys''. The car was also used for the [[IROC XIX|1994]] and [[IROC XX|1995]] incarnations of the [[International Race of Champions]].<br />
The second-generation Dodge Avenger was used in the [[2007 NASCAR Nextel Cup Series|2007 NASCAR Nextel Cup Season]] as the [[Car of Tomorrow]] model from Dodge. In 2008, the Dodge CoT was changed back to the Charger.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Chrysler Sebring (coupe)]]<br />
* [[Chrysler Sebring (sedan)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
[[Image:Dodge Avenger Dash.jpg|thumb|Dodge Avenger Interior]]<br />
* [http://autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070117/FREE/70116004/1528/vents AutoWeek: 2008 Dodge Avenger]<br />
* [http://www.allpar.com/model/avengertiger.html Allpar: Hillman Avenger and Tiger]<br />
* [http://www.allpar.com/model/sebring.html Allpar: 1995-2000 Sebring]<br />
* [http://www.allpar.com/cars/dodge/avenger.html Allpar: 2008-2009 Dodge Avenger]<br />
* [http://www.carbuyersnotebook.com/archives/2007/03/2008_dodge_aven_2.htm Avenger ad campaigns]<br />
* [http://www.media.chrysler.com/newsrelease.do?id=7193&mid=171 2008 Dodge Avenger Product Heritage] from the Chrysler Media Site<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Dodge Timeline}}<br />
{{Dodge}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dodge vehicles|Avenger]]<br />
[[Category:Front wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Mid-size cars]]<br />
[[Category:Coupes]]<br />
[[Category:Sedans]]<br />
[[Category:Station wagons]]<br />
[[Category:1990s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:2000s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:1995 introductions]]<br />
[[Category:Partial zero-emissions vehicles]]</div>70.91.74.9https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Dodge_CaliberDodge Caliber2009-02-03T18:25:13Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{(commons|unreferenced|refimprove|mergefrom|unreferenced|expand|review|fansite|for|wikify|verylong|cleanup|images needed|context|citecheck|onesource|unreferencedsection|nofootnotes|refimprovesect|merge|merge-mult</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{Infobox Automobile<br />
|image = [[Image:Dodge Caliber SE.jpg|250px|Dodge Caliber SE]]<br />
|name = Dodge Caliber<br />
|manufacturer = [[Chrysler LLC]] (2008-present)<br>[[DaimlerChrysler]] (2007)<br />
|production = 2006—present<br />
|class = [[Compact car|Compact]]<br />
|predecessor = [[Dodge Neon]]<br />
|body_style = 5-door [[hatchback]]<br />
|platform = [[Mitsubishi GS platform|Chrysler PM/MK platform]]<br />
|layout = [[Front-engine design|Front engine]], [[front-wheel drive]] / [[four-wheel drive]]<br />
|engine = 1.8 L ''[[Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance|GEMA]]'' [[Straight-4|I4]]<br>2.0 L ''GEMA'' I4<br>2.0 L [[Volkswagen]] [[diesel]] [[Straight-4|I4]]<br>2.4 L ''GEMA'' I4<br />
|transmission = 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]<br>6-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]<br>[[Jatco]] ''CVT2'' [[Continuously variable transmission|CVT]]<br />
|wheelbase = 103.7&nbsp;in (2635&nbsp;mm)<br />
|length = 173.8&nbsp;in (4415&nbsp;mm)<br />
|width = 68.8&nbsp;in (1800&nbsp;mm)<br />
|height = 60.4&nbsp;in (1535&nbsp;mm)<br>SRT-4: {{Auto in|59.7|0}}<br />
|weight = {{Auto lb|3052|0}}<br />
|related = [[Mitsubishi Lancer]]<br>[[Mitsubishi Outlander]]<br>[[Jeep Compass]]<br>[[Jeep Patriot]]<br />
|assembly = [[Belvidere Assembly]] ([[Belvidere, Illinois]], [[USA]])<br />
}}<br />
The '''Dodge Caliber''' is a [[compact car]] produced by the [[Dodge]] division of the [[Chrysler Group]]. It replaced the [[Dodge Neon|Neon]], and went on sale in the spring of 2006 as a 2007 [[model year]] vehicle. The Caliber is a five-door hatchback roughly the size of a Neon, and was first shown at the 2005 [[Geneva Motor Show]]. It features styling elements derivative of larger Dodge vehicles, such as a crosshair grille and large flared fenders. The Caliber is one of the first modern Dodge-branded vehicles for sale in the [[Europe]]an, [[Asia]]n, and [[Australasia]]n markets. It debuted publicly on [[January 10]], [[2006]], at the [[North American International Auto Show]], amid jokes by [[David Spade]][http://www.thecarconnection.com/Auto_News/Car_Shows/Detroit_Auto_Show/2006_Detroit_Auto_Show_Last_Words.S286.A9888.html]. The base price is [[USD|US$]]13,985.<br />
==Overview==<br />
The Dodge Caliber offers a [[continuously variable transmission]] (dubbed ''CVT2'' by Dodge) sourced from [[Jatco]] (a [[Nissan]] subsidiary), the second [[DaimlerChrysler]] model to employ this technology after the [[Mercedes-Benz A-Class]]. It uses a [[Straight-4|four-cylinder]] 1.8&ndash;2.4&nbsp;L ''[[Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance|GEMA]]'' gasoline engine, heavily based on a prior Hyundai engine.<br />
<br />
The car also features an optional electronically-controlled [[all-wheel drive]] system with variable torque between speeds of 25 and {{convert|65|mi/h|km/h|0|abbr=on}} for optimal handling.<br />
<br />
The Caliber rides on a heavily modified [[Mitsubishi GS platform|GS platform]], co-designed with [[Mitsubishi Motors]]. The modified GS platform is now called JS platform by DCX for mid-size cars and PM/MK for compact cars. It shares a portion of the platform with the [[Mitsubishi Lancer]], but is most similar to the [[Jeep Compass]] and [[Jeep Patriot]].<br />
<br />
The Caliber is built at the [[Belvidere Assembly]] ([[Illinois]]) plant, where its predecessor was produced.<br />
<br />
The Caliber is an important vehicle for Chrysler in its quest to expand globally. The Caliber was one of Dodge's first modern offerings in Europe. Dodge also introduced the Caliber as part of its launch lineup in [[Asia]]n markets such as Japan and Singapore, as it established new distribution channels there. It will be introduced in [[People's Republic of China|China]] in 2008 as Dodge's second modern vehicle offering in that market. Dodge vehicles were last officially sold in China during the World War II era. The introduction of the Caliber has also marked the return of the Dodge brand to Australia, for the first time since the early 1970s.<br />
<br />
==Safety==<br />
The [[IIHS|Insurance Institute for Highway Safety]] gives the Caliber an overall ''Good'' score in frontal crash testing. The Dodge Caliber comes standard with side curtain airbags but torso side airbags are optional. The IIHS scored the Caliber ''Marginal'' overall in their side impact test. However that Caliber was not equipped with the torso side airbag.<ref>http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=688</ref><br />
<br />
==Models==<br />
Three models were available at the Caliber's launch, with a fourth available in mid-2006.<br />
<br />
=== SE ===<br />
[[Image:Dodge Cars 006b.JPG|thumb|right|200px|2007 Dodge Caliber SE]]<br />
The base '''SE''' model features [[front-wheel drive]] and a 1.8&nbsp;L 148&nbsp;hp (110&nbsp;kW) ''[[Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance|GEMA]]'' [[Straight-4|I4]] attached to a [[Magna International|Magna]] Drivetrain T355 5-speed [[manual transmission]]. A 2.0&nbsp;L 158&nbsp;hp (118&nbsp;kW) version of the engine paired with the CVT2 transmission is available as an option.<br />
<br />
The standard configuration for the SE lacks air conditioning, and does not have power windows, door locks, or mirrors. The grille surround is body-colored, while that of all other models is chromed. There is no [[tachometer]], and no assist handles. 15 inch steel wheels with wheel covers are standard. Some options are not available on the SE.<br />
<br />
=== SXT ===<br />
The '''SXT''' has the same engine choices as the SE but many more features are available as standard. Air conditioning is standard equipment at this level, including the Chill Zone beverage cooler inside the front lower glove compartment. The gauge cluster gains a tachometer and an (optional) trip computer. The driver's seat adds height adjustment, the passenger seat folds flat for load-carrying, and the rear seats recline. Power windows, locks, mirrors, and remote keyless entry are included. The grille surround is chromed and 17-inch steel wheels are standard, with 17-inch aluminum wheels as an option. The cargo area light includes a removable and rechargeable flashlight while the front dome light incorporates two reading lamps. The center console includes a 115-volt 2-prong power outlet, two illuminated cup holders for the front passengers, and two non-illuminated cup holders for the rear passengers (which are standard on all trim levels).<br />
<br />
Some [[Dodge]] publications mention a '''SXT Sport''' model, while others (e.g. the Dodge website) list a SXT "E" package with identical features. This consists of 17-inch aluminum wheels, color-keyed cloth seat inserts, color-matched instrument panel trim, and fog lamps.<br />
<br />
The UK SXT Sports model gets 18 inch alloy wheels, color-keyed cloth seats and instrument panel, and a 9-speaker audio system as standard; early [[United Kingdom|UK]] models do not have the chrome grille. The UK SXT Sport is also available with a Volkswagen 2.0 L diesel engine mated to a six-speed manual transmission.<br />
<br />
=== R/T ===<br />
[[Image:Dodge Caliber RT 1.jpg|thumb|left|Dodge Caliber R/T]]<br />
The '''R/T''' model has 172&nbsp;hp (128&nbsp;kW) 2.4&nbsp;L version of the GEMA engine, equipped with the CVT2 transmission, and programmed with an 'AutoStick' feature giving six simulated fixed ratios in a clutchless manual mode in addition to the standard CVT 'Drive' mode. [[All-wheel-drive]] was an option on the R/T model until 2009. 18-inch aluminum wheels are standard, while chromed are an option. At launch, the CVT2 with all-wheel drive was the only powertrain combination available for the R/T. A front-wheel drive variant with the T355 5-speed manual transmission commenced production in late summer 2006. [[Anti-lock braking system|ABS]] is standard, and the suspension and steering are tuned for performance.<br />
<br />
Externally, the R/T is distinguishable by body-color/chrome door handles (replacing black on other models), a chrome [[side molding]], chromed exhaust tip, and front fog lights as standard, as well as R/T badging.<br />
<br />
Internally, the car comes as standard with color-keyed fabric seat inserts, leather seats being an option as on the SXT. Color-keyed instrument panel trim is also standard, as is a leather-wrapped steering wheel with audio controls and speed control, and a cargo area cover (all options on the SXT).<br />
<br />
=== SRT-4 ===<br />
[[Image:'08 Dodge Caliber SRT4.JPG|thumb|left|2008 Dodge Caliber SRT4]]<br />
The SRT-4 model, introduced at the [[Chicago Auto Show]] in February 2006, is a replacement for the original [[Dodge Neon|Neon]]-based [[Dodge SRT-4|SRT-4]] produced by Chrysler's [[Street and Racing Technology]] group. It is a hatchback set to compete with the likes of the [[Volkswagen GTI]] and the [[Mazdaspeed 3]]. It features a 2.4-liter DOHC 16V Turbocharged I4 with dual variable valve timing (DVVT). It produces {{Convert|285|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} at 6,400 rpm, and {{convert|265|lb.ft|Nm|abbr=on}} of torque at 5,600 rpm using the Mitsubishi TD04HL4S-20 turbo. Edmunds put it on the dyno and it resulted in {{convert|281|hp|abbr=on}} and {{convert|261|lb.ft|Nm|abbr=on}} of torque. The engine is mated to a [[Getrag]] six-speed manual transmission, and utilizes a front-wheel drive drivetrain. The Caliber SRT-4 utilizes a high-performance MacPherson strut front suspension, and a performance-tuned multilink rear suspension. The SRT-4 uses large {{Auto mm|340|1}} vented front disc brakes (from the Dodge Charger Police Pack version) with dual-piston calipers and {{Auto mm|302|1}} rear single-piston disc brakes. It will feature four-wheel antilock brakes, with electronic assistance. The wheels are 19 inch, five-spoke, SRT-stamped, painted aluminum. The car will feature Goodyear performance 225/45R19 tires. The SRT-4 base price will be $22,435, with lot-availability starting in March, with orders being taken at dealerships as of November, 2007. Package options include polished wheels, GPS navigation, bluetooth, a block heater, and rear hat-rack.<br />
<br />
==Model table==<br />
{| class=wikitable<br />
!Model<br />
!Year<br />
!Displacement<br />
!Engine<br />
!Power<br />
!Torque<br />
!Notes<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|''SE''<br>''SXT''||rowspan=2|2007&ndash;present||1.8&nbsp;L||''[[Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance|GEMA]]'' [[straight-4|I4]]||148&nbsp;hp (110&nbsp;kW)||125&nbsp;ft·lbf (169&nbsp;N·m)||Manual transmission only<br />
|-<br />
|2.0&nbsp;L||''[[Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance|GEMA]]'' [[straight-4|I4]]||158&nbsp;hp (118&nbsp;kW)||141&nbsp;ft·lbf (191&nbsp;N·m)||CVT2 only<br />
|-<br />
|''Diesel''||2007&ndash;present||2.0&nbsp;L||[[turbocharged]] [[straight-4|I4]] from [[Volkswagen]] [[List_of_Volkswagen_Group_diesel_engines#134-170_hp_2.0_TDI]]||138&nbsp;hp (103&nbsp;kW)||229&nbsp;ft·lbf (310&nbsp;N·m)||Europe & Australia only<br />
|-<br />
|''R/T''||2007&ndash;present||2.4&nbsp;L||''[[Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance|GEMA]]'' [[straight-4|I4]]||172&nbsp;hp (128&nbsp;kW)||165&nbsp;ft·lbf (224&nbsp;N·m)||AWD/FWD<br />
|-<br />
|''SRT-4''||2008&ndash;present||2.4&nbsp;L||''[[Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance|GEMA]]'' [[turbocharged]] [[straight-4|I4]]||286&nbsp;hp (213&nbsp;kW)||260&nbsp;ft·lbf (353&nbsp;N·m)||<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Marketing==<br />
[[Image:DodgeCaliber.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Dodge Caliber show car revealed at [[SEMA]] 2005 on November 1, 2005]]<br />
The Chrysler Group announced a [http://www.prnewswire.com/news/index_mail.shtml?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/03-24-2006/0004326454&EDATE= marketing plan] for the first year of the car's production. The plan included 20% of the budget going towards online marketing, a blitz of print ads and [http://www.jalopnik.com/cars/adspromotions/its-an-exclusive-marketing-blitz-advance-copies-of-four-commercials-for-the-dodge-caliber-162972.php a number of television ads].<br />
<br />
Dodge is marketing Caliber in a way that contrasts the [[Dodge Neon|Neon]]'s introduction to the buying public. With Neon, the advertising campaign was based around its personable, appealing, "cuddly" looks. Examples of ads typically constituted a shot of the car front-on with a simple "Hi" hovering above it. In contrast, Caliber has been labeled as "Anything but cute" in its advertising campaign, with taglines or statements of "It's [the car] neither cuddly nor wuddly" or more bluntly "it scares the [[Bleep censor|''<bleep>'']] out of me", stated by a fictional "cute" monkey named [[Binky]].<br />
<br />
<!--blocked off rather than deleted, see discussion page for reason==Criticism==<br />
According to the Which! 2007 survey, the Dodge Caliber - made by a Chrysler subsidiary - also "revealed a number of worrying problems" during Which? safety inspections.[[BBC News]][http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6260328.stm]--><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
<br />
*{{cite web|url=http://www.rrstar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060111/BUSINESS05/101110017|title=Dodge Caliber: Small car offers big opportunity for Belvidere|work=[[Rockford Register Star]]|accessdate=January 28|accessyear=2006}}<br />
*{{cite journal|title=Preview: Dodge Caliber SRT4|journal=[[Car and Driver]]|issue=May 2006|pages=40&ndash;44|author=Tony Swan}}<br />
*{{cite web|url=http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Drives/FullTests/articleId=122859#8|title=Dodge Caliber SRT-4 on the dyno}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.dodge.com/caliber/index.html Dodge Caliber Official Website]<br />
* http://www.allpar.com/reviews/2006/caliber.html<br />
* http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Drives/FullTests/articleId=122859#8<br />
<br />
{{Dodge Timeline}}<br />
<br />
{{Dodge}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dodge vehicles|Caliber]]<br />
[[Category:Compact cars]]<br />
[[Category:Hatchbacks]]<br />
[[Category:Vehicles with CVT transmission]]<br />
[[Category:All wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Front wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:2000s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 2006]]</div>70.91.74.9https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Chrysler_Sebring_(sedan)Chrysler Sebring (sedan)2009-02-03T18:20:24Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{(commons|unreferenced|refimprove|mergefrom|unreferenced|expand|review|fansite|for|wikify|verylong|cleanup|images needed|context|citecheck|onesource|unreferencedsection|nofootnotes|refimprovesect|merge|merge-mult</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
''Not to be confused with [[Maserati Sebring]]. Although Chrysler and Maserati did team up to produce the [[Chrysler TC]] before the Sebring came out.''<br />
{{Infobox Automobile<br />
|name=Chrysler Sebring sedan<br />
|image=[[Image:2004-2006 Chrysler Sebring sedan.jpg|250px|2004&ndash;2006 Chrysler Sebring sedan]]<br />
|assembly=[[Sterling Heights, Michigan]], [[United States]]<br />
|class=[[Mid-size]] [[luxury car]]<br />
|manufacturer=[[Chrysler LLC]] (August 2007&ndash;present)<br>[[DaimlerChrysler]] (2001&ndash;07)<br />
|production=2001–present {convertible continues}<br />
|layout = [[FF layout]]<br />
|body_style=4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]]<br />
|predecessor=[[Chrysler Cirrus]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Chrysler Sebring''' is a line of [[mid-size car]]s sold by [[Chrysler|Chrysler LLC]]. There have been three entirely different vehicles with this name:<br />
* [[Chrysler Sebring (coupe)]] (1995&ndash;2005)<br />
* [[Chrysler Sebring (convertible)]] (1996&ndash;present)<br />
* Chrysler Sebring (sedan) (2001&ndash;present)<br />
<br />
==1995-2000==<br />
The Chrysler Sebring was introduced as a [[coupe]] for 1995, and later, a convertible was released for 1996. Both models replaced the [[Chrysler LeBaron]]. The convertible was built off of the [[Chrysler JA platform]] also used for the [[Chrysler Cirrus|Cirrus]] sedan, while the coupe was based on the [[Mitsubishi Eclipse]]. The Chrysler Sebring was named after [[Sebring, Florida]], the site of the renowned endurance car race called the [[12 Hours of Sebring]]. The name was first used by Chrysler Corporation's [[Plymouth (automobile)|Plymouth]] division trim line of the [[Plymouth Satellite|Satellite]] [[mid-size]] [[coupe]] of the 1970s.<br />
<br />
==2001-2006==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = First Generation<br />
| image = [[Image:01-03 Chrysler Sebring Sedan.jpg|250px|2001-03 Chrysler Sebring sedan]]<br />
| production = 2001&ndash;2006<br />
| engine = 2.4 L ''[[Chrysler Neon engine#EDZ|EDZ]]'' [[I4 engine|I4]]<br>2.7 L ''[[Chrysler LH engine|EER]]'' [[V6]]<br />
|wheelbase= {{Auto in|108.0|0}}<br />
|length= {{Auto in|190.7|0}}<br />
|width= {{Auto in|70.6|0}} (2004-06)<Br>{{Auto in|71.9|0}} (2001-03)<br />
|height= {{Auto in|54.9|0}}<br />
|fuel_capacity={{Convert|15.9|usgal|L impgal|1}} <br />
| transmission = 4-speed ''[[Ultradrive|41TE]]'' automatic<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler JR platform]]<br />
| related = [[Dodge Stratus]]<br>[[Volga Siber]] <br />
| aka = [[Chrysler Cirrus]] (in Mexico)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The Sebring name was now used on three different [[car]]s for 2001. The coupe was based on the [[Mitsubishi Eclipse]] while the [[sedan (car)|sedan]] and [[convertible]] were [[Chrysler JR platform]] successors to the [[Chrysler Cirrus]]. The Sebring sedan is also a de facto successor to the [[Plymouth Breeze]], since most [[Plymouth (automobile)|Plymouths]] (e.g. [[Plymouth Voyager|Voyager]], [[Plymouth Prowler|Prowler]]) were rebranded as Chryslers since the [[marque]]'s demise in 2001. The car got a facelift in 2004 by getting a new front fascia, as well as a Chrysler logo on the rear. The Sebring coupe was discontinued after 2005. The Sebring is sold as the '''Chrysler Cirrus''' in [[Mexico]]. <br />
<br />
Some of the 2.7 L V6 engines have suffered from failures due to oil sludge contamination. These problems happen when fine engine oil passages become clogged with sludge, and often result in catastrophic failure of the engine. Improper maintainace, such as irregular oil changes would see such results. An unknown number of Sebring, Concorde, Dodge Intrepid and Stratus owners have been affected. Fixes include changing to synthetic oil, inspection, and even engine replacement.<br />
<br />
The [[IIHS|Insurance Institute for Highway Safety]] gives the 2001-2006 Sebring an ''Acceptable'' overall rating in frontal crash tests.<ref>http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=30</ref> In the side impact test a ''Poor'' overall rating was given to models without side airbags. The IIHS did not test the Sebring with side airbags since Chrysler declined another test.<ref>http://www.iihs.org/ratings/rating.aspx?id=281</ref><br />
<br />
===Trim levels===<br />
Throughout the 2001&ndash;2006 generation sedan many different trim levels were offered. Though there were multiple variations of some(for example plain '''Touring''' and '''Touring Platinum Series'''), just the main ones are listed below.<br />
*''LX'' &mdash; 2001&ndash;2004<br />
*''LXi'' &mdash; 2001&ndash;2003<br />
*base &mdash; 2004&ndash;2006<br />
*''Touring'' &mdash; 2004&ndash;2006<br />
*''Limited'' &mdash; 2004&ndash;2006<br />
*''Signature Series'' &mdash; 2005<br />
*''TSi'' &mdash; 2005&ndash;2006<br />
<br />
==2007-present==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Second Generation <br />
| image=[[Image:2nd Chrysler Sebring sedan.jpg|250px|Chrysler Sebring sedan]]<br />
| production = 2007&ndash;present {for sedan only}<br />
| engine = 2.0 L ''[[Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance|GEMA]]'' [[I4 engine|I4]]<br>2.0 L [[List of Volkswagen engines#134-170 hp 2.0 TDI|TDI]] [[I4 engine|I4]]<br>2.4 L ''[[Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance|GEMA]]'' [[I4 engine|I4]]<br>2.7 L ''[[Chrysler LH engine#2.7|EER]]'' [[V6]]<br>3.5 L ''[[Chrysler SOHC V6 engine#3.5|EGJ]]'' [[V6]]<br />
| transmission = 4-speed [[Ultradrive#40TES/41TES|40TES]] [[automatic transmission|automatic]]<br>4-speed [[Ultradrive#40TES/41TES|41TES]] automatic<br>6-speed [[Ultradrive#62TE|62TE]] automatic<br />
|wheelbase= {{Auto in|108.9|0}}<br />
|length= {{Auto in|190.6|0}}<br />
|width= {{Auto in|71.2|0}}<br />
|height= {{Auto in|59.0|0}}<br />
|fuel_capacity={{Convert|16.9|usgal|L impgal|1}} <br />
|platform = [[Mitsubishi GS platform|Chrysler JS platform]]<br />
| related = [[Dodge Journey]] <br/>[[Dodge Avenger (JS)|Dodge Avenger]]<br>[[Dodge Caliber]]<br>[[Jeep Compass]]<br>[[Jeep Patriot]]<br />
| aka = [[Chrysler Cirrus]] (in Mexico)<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The Sebring was replaced with a new model based on the [[Mitsubishi GS platform|JS platform]] for 2007. <br />
<br />
Because no 2007 Convertible was offered, the 2006 Sebring Convertible was left to fill the void, remaining in showrooms and on the company's website until the 2008 model's release.<br />
<br />
[[Image:07-Chrysler-Sebring-sedan-rear.jpg|200px|thumb|left|2007 Chrysler Sebring sedan]]The new Sebring borrows many styling cues from the 2003 [[Chrysler Airflite]] [[concept car|concept]]. It also has several Chrysler-signature styling cues, several of which come from the [[Chrysler Crossfire]]. Additionally, the new Sebring is the first Chrysler model to offer Chrysler's "MyGig" infotainment system. <br />
<br />
The Chrysler Sebring is assembled in Sterling Heights, Michigan and contains over 82% of parts sourced in North America.<br />
<br />
The convertible version was introduced in 2007 as a 2008 model, and for the first time featured an optional power hardtop in addition to the available cloth and vinyl tops. <br />
<br />
2008 marks the first year that the Sebring is available with optional "MyGIG Multimedia Infotainment System" which allows you store 20GB of music, dvds, and pictures.<ref>[http://www.chrysler.com/en/2008/sebring/interior_conveniences/multimedia_options/index.html]</ref><br />
<br />
Chrysler offers three engines for the 2007 Sebring, the {{auto cc|2360}} [[Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance|GEMA]] [[I4 engine|I4]], the {{auto cc|2736}} [[Chrysler LH engine#2.7|EER]] [[V6]], and the {{auto cc|3518}} [[Chrysler SOHC V6 engine#3.5|EGJ]] V6.<ref name="2007specs">http://www.media.chrysler.com/dcxms/assets/specs/07SebringSpecifications.pdf</ref> The 3.5 L V6 is coupled to Chrysler's first ever 6-speed [[automatic transmission]], which employs [[Autostick]] technology, and the 2.7 L V6 is capable of running on cleaner-burning [[E85]]. Export vehicles will be offered with a 2.0 L [[Turbocharger|turbocharged]] common-rail diesel made by [[Volkswagen]] and the 2.0 L GEMA engine.<ref>[http://www.allpar.com/cars/chrysler/sebring.html 2007-2009 Chrysler Sebring cars - information<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The 3.5L V6 sedan is available with all wheel drive as a extra cost option for 2008 only. AWD will be dropped from the Sebring lineup in 2009 due to low demand.<br />
<br />
===Trim levels===<br />
*base &mdash; 2007<br />
*''LX'' &mdash; 2008 (replaced base)<br />
*''Touring'' &mdash; (2007&ndash;2008)<br />
*''Limited AWD'' &mdash; (2008)<br />
*''Limited'' &mdash; 2007&ndash;present<br />
<br />
For the 2009 model year the LX and Touring trims are dropped leaving only the Limited. In addition the Limited also gets the 2.4 litre 4 cylinder engine and its priced at the same price as the 2008 Touring model. And also for 2009, the Sebring gets rear badge placements modified slightly.<br />
<br />
==Fuel==<br />
All engines used in the Chrysler Sebring accept regular unleaded gasoline. Only the 2.7L DOHC 24V 6 Cylinder engine (offered in North America only) can accept both regular unleaded or E85 [[E85|Flex-Fuel]].<ref>[http://e85.whipnet.net/flex.cars/index.html E85 | How can I tell if my car is an FFV?<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Licensed production in Russia==<br />
The first-generation (2001&ndash;2006) Chrysler Sebring and its [[Dodge Stratus]] cousin will be built in [[Russia]] from late 2007 or early 2008 on, and will be sold as GAZ Siber.<ref>{{cite press release |title=«Группа ГАЗ» представила на «Интеравто» новый легковой автомобиль |publisher=Группа ГАЗ |date=2007-08-29 |language=Russian |url=http://www.gazgroup.ru/news/news/?id=1326 |accessdate=2008-07-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Webster |first=Paul |title=To Russia with parts |publisher=[[The Globe and Mail|globeinvestor.com]] |date=2007-09-26 |url=http://www.globeinvestor.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20070925.rmmagna0925/GIStory |accessdate=2008-07-30}}</ref> The license and tooling for these cars were sold in April 2006 to Russian billionaire [[Oleg Deripaska]], who owns the [[GAZ]] company in [[Nizhny Novgorod]], which builds the [[Volga (automobile)|Volga]] automobile. This agreement cost about [[USD|US$]]151 million (€ 124 million). It is planned to build up to 65,000 cars of both models annually. GAZ will keep its [[Volga (automobile)|Volga]] nameplate, naming this vehicle [[Volga Siber]].<ref>{{cite news |title=В названии новой модели "ГАЗа" сохранится слово "Волга" |language=Russian |publisher=[[Lenta.Ru|auto.lenta.ru]] |date=2008-05-15 |url=http://auto.lenta.ru/news/2008/05/15/volga |accessdate=2008-07-30}}</ref> GAZ will import Chrysler 2.4-liter 4-cylinder engines (not the World Engines) from Mexico for use on these vehicles. [[Image:Volga Siber front Moscow autoshow 2008 26 08.jpg|thumb|200px|2008 Volga Siber]]<br />
<br />
==Launch of Chrysler Sebring in China==<br />
Production of the new Chrysler Sebring sedan for the China market will begin later 2007 in Beijing at Beijing-Benz DaimlerChrysler Automotive Co. (BBDC). BBDC is a joint venture between the [[Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation|Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Co. Ltd.]] and Chrysler.<br />
<br />
Production of the Sebring leverages assembly capacity at the new BBDC plant, which also builds the Chrysler 300C, the Mercedes-Benz E-Class and Mitsubishi Outlander. Four-cylinder World Engines for the Sebring will be built at the Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance (GEMA) plant in Dundee, Mich. for export to China. GEMA is a joint venture of Chrysler, Mitsubishi Motors Corp. and Hyundai Motor Co.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.chrysler.com/sebring_sedan/index.html Official Chrysler Sebring Site]<br />
* [http://www.chrysler.com/sebring_convertible/index.html Official Chrysler Sebring Convertible Site]<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20001109111200/www.chrysler.com/sebring-sdn/ 2001 Chrysler Sebring sedan homepage] - Courtesy of [[Internet Archive]]<br />
* [http://www.allpar.com/ AllPar.com links:]<br />
** [http://www.allpar.com/model/stratus01.html Stratus/Sebring sedans]<br />
* [http://www.gazgroup.ru/news/news/?id=1330 GAZ Siber photo gallery] <br />
<br />
{{Chrysler timeline}}<br />
{{Chrysler}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Chrysler vehicles|Sebring]]<br />
[[Category:Front wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Flexible-fuel vehicles]]<!-- Selected 2003-2005 sedans --><br />
[[Category:Mid-size cars]]<br />
[[Category:Coupes]]<br />
[[Category:Sedans]]<br />
[[Category:2000s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 2001]]<br />
[[Category:Partial zero-emissions vehicles]]</div>70.91.74.9https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Chrysler_Sebring_(convertible)Chrysler Sebring (convertible)2009-02-03T18:15:15Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{(commons|unreferenced|refimprove|mergefrom|unreferenced|expand|review|fansite|for|wikify|verylong|cleanup|images needed|context|citecheck|onesource|unreferencedsection|nofootnotes|refimprovesect|merge|merge-mult</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{Infobox Automobile<br />
|name=Chrysler Sebring Convertible<br />
|image=[[Image:96-98 Chrysler Sebring convertible.jpg|250px|1996-1998 Chrysler Sebring convertible]]<br />
|class=[[Mid-size]]<br />
|manufacturer=[[Chrysler]] (1996-98, 2008-present)<br>[[DaimlerChrysler]] (1998-2007)<br />
|production=1996–present (no 2007 models were made{{Clarifyme|was there year break in production in 2007?|date=November 2008}})<br />
|predecessor=[[Chrysler LeBaron]]<br />
|aka=Chrysler Cirrus R/T or Chrysler Cirrus Limited ([[Mexico]])<br />
|layout=[[FF layout]]<br />
|body_style=2-door [[convertible]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''Chrysler Sebring convertible''' is a [[mid-size]] [[convertible]] manufactured by [[Chrysler]], as a replacement for the [[Chrysler LeBaron]] and now in its third generation &mdash; currently available as both a [[retractable hardtop]] and softop. <br />
<br />
The Sebring convertible was the most popular convertible automobile in the world from 2001 through 2005, with nearly 40,000 produced per year {{Fact|date=April 2008}}. For the first two generations, tops were engineered and completed by [[Dura Convertible Systems]]{{Fact|date=April 2008}}. The third generation Sebring uses soft and rectractable tops supplied by [[Karmann]] and installed during manufacture to identical bodies. <br />
<br />
==First generation (1996-2000)==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = First generation <br />
| aka = Chrysler Stratus<br />
|assembly=[[Toluca]], [[Mexico]]<br />
| image = [[Image:1999-2000 Chrysler Sebring Convertible.jpg|250px|1999-2000 Chrysler Sebring convertible]]<br />
| production = 1996-2000<br />
| engine = 2.4 L ''[[Chrysler Neon engine#EDZ|EDZ]]'' [[Straight-4|I4]]<br>2.5 L [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] ''[[Mitsubishi 6G7x engine#6G73|6G73]]'' [[V6]]<br>2.4 L Turbocharged ''[[DOHC]]'' [[Straight-4|I4]] ([[Mexico]] Only)<br />
| transmission =<br>4-speed ''[[Ultradrive|41TE]]'' automatic<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler JA platform|Chrysler JX platform]]<br />
| related = [[Chrysler Cirrus]]<br>[[Dodge Stratus]]<br>[[Plymouth Breeze]]<br />
|wheelbase= {{Auto in|106.0|0}}<br />
|length=1996-98: {{Auto in|193.0|0}}<br>1999-2000: {{Auto in|192.6|0}}<br />
|width= {{Auto in|70.1|0}}<br />
|height= {{Auto in|54.8|0}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The Sebring convertible was launched in 1996 as sister car to the Chrysler Sebring Coupe, although the Sebring coupe and convertible didn't share many components or any sheetmetal. This model was unique to Chrysler, as unlike other Chrysler brand cars, no [[Dodge]] or [[Plymouth automobile|Plymouth]] counterpart was offered. <br />
<br />
===Engines===<br />
*1996-2000 - 2.4 L [[Straight-4|I4]]<br />
*1996-2000 - 2.5 L Mitsubishi [[V6]]<br />
*1996-2000 - 2.4 L [[DOHC]] Turbo [[Straight-4|I4]] ([[Mexico]] Only)<br />
<br />
===Trim levels===<br />
*''JX'' - 1996-2000<br />
*''JXi'' - 1996-2000 <br />
*''Limited'' - 1998-2000<br />
<br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
==Second generation (2001-2006)==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Second generation <br />
| image = [[Image:01-03 Chrysler Sebring convertible .jpg |250px|2001-2003 Chrysler Sebring convertible]]<br />
| production = 2001–2006<br />
| engine = 2.4 L ''[[Chrysler Neon engine#EDZ|EDZ]]'' [[Straight-4|I4]]<br>2.7 L ''[[Chrysler LH engine|EER]]'' [[V6]]<br />
|assembly=[[Sterling Heights, Michigan]]<br />
| transmission =5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]] (2002 GTC)<Br> 4-speed ''[[Ultradrive|41TE]]'' [[automatic transmission|automatic]]<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler JR platform]]<br />
| related = [[Chrysler Sebring]]<br>[[Dodge Stratus]]<br />
|wheelbase={{Auto in|106|0}}<br />
|length={{Auto in|193.7|0}} <br />
|width=2001-03: {{Auto in|71.1|0}}<Br>2004-06: {{Auto in|69.4|0}}<br />
|height=2004-06: {{Auto in|55.0|0}}<br>2001-03: {{Auto in|55.1|0}} <br />
}}<br />
[[Image:03-06 Chrysler Sebring convertible.jpg|thumb|200px|left|2004-2006 Chrysler Sebring convertible]]<br />
For 2001, the Sebring Convertible was redesigned, and it now shared most of its sheetmetal with the [[sedan (car)|sedan]], though it still differed greatly from the [[Chrysler Sebring|coupe]], with the front fascia and most of the interior being the only thing these cars had in common. Many interior and exterior components were carried over from the first generation car, though the body shell underneath is significantly different. The Sebring received minor styling revisions (mostly the appearance of the nose) for the 2004 [[model year]].<br />
<br />
===Engines===<br />
*2001-2006 - 2.4 L I4<br />
*2001-2006 - 2.7 L V6<br />
<br />
===Trim levels===<br />
*''LX'' - 2001-2003<br />
*''LXi'' - 2001-2003<br />
*''GTC'' - 2002-2006<br />
*base - 2004-2006<br />
*''Touring'' - 2004-2006<br />
*''Limited'' 2001-2006<br />
<br />
Note: Additional packages could be added to various standard trim levels.<br />
<br />
<br clear=all><br />
<br />
==Third generation (2008-Present)==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Third generation<br />
|image=[[Image:Chrysler 014.jpg|250px|2008 Chrysler Sebring Convertible Limited hardtop]]<br />
| production = 2008–present<br />
| engine = 2.4 L ''[[Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance|GEMA]]'' [[Straight-4|I4]]<br>2.7 L ''[[Chrysler LH engine#2.7|EER]]'' [[V6]]<br>3.5 L ''[[Chrysler SOHC V6 engine#3.5|EGJ]]'' [[V6]]<br />
| transmission = 4-speed ''40TES'' automatic<br>4-speed ''41TES'' automatic<br>6-speed ''62TE'' automatic<br />
|wheelbase=108.9 in<br />
|length=193.8 in<br />
|width=71.5 in<br />
|height=58.5 in <br />
|assembly=[[Sterling Heights, Michigan]]<br />
| platform = [[Mitsubishi GS platform|Chrysler JS platform]]<br />
| related = [[Dodge Avenger]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
For 2008, the Sebring convertible was redesigned, with styling cues such as the hood's strake lines recalling the [[Chrysler Crossfire]]. Like the [[Mazda Miata]], the Sebring is offered as both [[retractable hardtop]] and softtop, with the Sebring's roofs manufactured by [[Karmann]]. The redesigned Sebring convertible debuted at the 2007 [[Los Angeles International Auto Show]], as an early-2008 model. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061129/FREE/61127022/1064/cara_submit|title=Threefold Drop-Top|work=[[AutoWeek]]|accessdate=November 29|accessyear=2006}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Image:08 Chrysler Sebring convertible 2.jpg|200px|thumb|left|2008 Chrysler Sebring soft top]]Changes include a redesigned dash and new 2.4 I4 and 3.5 V6 engines, with a re-tuned 2.7 V6 from the previous generation falling between the 2 models. Unlike the Sebring sedan, the convertible is not offered in all-wheel drive. The convertible top now retracts into the trunk with a power [[Convertible#Tonneau covers|tonneau cover]], with a luggage protector for the top.<br />
===Trim levels===<br />
*''LX'' - 2008-present<br />
*''Touring'' - 2008-present<br />
*''Limited'' - 2008-present<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
*[http://www.media.chrysler.com/newsrelease.do?id=6752&mid=166 2008 Chrysler Sebring Convertible Product Heritage] from Chrysler Media Site<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.chrysler.com/en/2008/sebring_convertible/ Official Site]- The official site of the current Sebring Convertible<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20001109111000/www.chrysler.com/sebring-cvt/ Chrysler.com] - 2001 Sebring convertible homepage, courtesy of [[Internet Archive]]<br />
<br />
{{Chrysler timeline}}<br />
{{Chrysler}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Chrysler vehicles|Sebring]]<br />
[[Category:Front wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Mid-size cars]]<br />
[[Category:Convertibles]]<br />
[[Category:1990s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:2000s automobiles]]</div>70.91.74.9https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_SprinterMercedes-Benz Sprinter2009-02-03T03:19:15Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[.{2}:[^:]+\]\] +)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Automobile<br />
| image = [[Image:Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Modelljahr 2006.jpg|250px|2006 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter]]<br />
| name = Mercedes-Benz Sprinter<br />
| manufacturer = [[Daimler-Benz]] (1994-98)<br>[[DaimlerChrysler]] (1998-2007)<br>[[Daimler AG]] (2008-present - Mercedes-Benz))<br>[[Chrysler LLC|Chrysler Vans, LLC]] (2008-present) (Dodge & Freightliner)<br />
| production = 1995&ndash;present<br />
| predecessor = [[Mercedes-Benz T1]]<br />
| class = Full-size [[van]]<br />
| body_style = 4-door [[minivan]]<br>2-door [[pickup truck]]<br>4-door [[crew cab]]<br>4-door [[minibus]]<br />
| layout = [[FR layout]]<br />
| assembly = [[Düsseldorf]], [[Germany]]<br>[[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]]<br>[[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]]<br>[[Monterrey]], [[Mexico]]<br>[[Gaffney, South Carolina]], [[United States]]<br>[[Ladson, South Carolina]], United States<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = First generation<br />
| image = [[Image:Dodge-Sprinter.jpg|250px|US-Spec Dodge Sprinter 2500]]<br />
| production = 1994-2007<br />
| aka = Dodge Sprinter<br>Freightliner Sprinter<br />
| related = [[Volkswagen LT]]<br />
| transmission = 5-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]<br />
| wheelbase = SWB: {{Auto in|118.0|0}}<br>MWB: {{Auto in|140.0|0}}<br>LWB: {{Auto in|158.0|0}}<br />
| successor =<br />
| length = SWB: {{Auto in|196.0|0}}<br>MWB: {{Auto in|225.0|0}}<Br>MWB Wagon: {{Auto in|226.0|0}}<Br>LWB: {{Auto in|263.0|0}}<br />
| height = 2500 High Ceiling SWB: {{Auto in|93.1|0}}<br>2500 Super High Ceiling SWB: {{Auto in|102.0|0}}<Br>3500 Super High Ceiling: {{Auto in|93.0|0}}<br>3500 High Ceiling: {{Auto in|94.0|0}}<br>2500 Super High Ceiling 140/158 in WB: {{Auto in|104.0|0}}<Br>3500 Super High Ceiling 140/158 in WB: {{Auto in|103.0|0}}<br>2500 Super High Ceiling Wagon: {{Auto in|93.5|0}}<Br>2500 High Ceiling 104 in WB: {{Auto in|95.0|0}} <br />
| width = {{Auto in|74.0|0}}<br>Van: {{Auto in|78.3|0}}<br>Wagon: {{Auto in|74.2|0}}<br />
| engine = '''Phase I 1995&ndash;2000:'''<br>2.3L [[Straight-4|I4]] [[Mercedes-Benz OM601 engine|OM 601]] 79 hp [[Diesel engine|Diesel]]<br>2.9L [[Straight-5|I5]] [[Mercedes-Benz OM602 engine|OM 602]] 102 hp [[Turbodiesel]]<br>2.9L I5 OM 602 129 hp Turbodiesel<br>2.3L I4 [[Mercedes-Benz M111 engine|M 111]] 143 hp [[DOHC]] [[Multi-valve|16V]] [[Multi Point Injection|MPI]]<br>'''Phase II 2000&ndash;2007:''' 2.1L I4 [[Mercedes-Benz OM611 engine|OM 611]] 82 hp [[Common rail|CDI]]<br>2.1L I4 OM 611 109 hp CDI<br>2.1L I4 OM 611 129 hp CDI<br>2.7L I5 OM 612/ OM 647 156 hp CDI<br>2.3L I4 M 111 143 hp DOHC 16V MPI<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Second generation<br />
| production = 2006-present<br />
| aka = Dodge Sprinter<br>Volkswagen Crafter<br />
| image = [[Image:2nd_Dodge_Sprinter_2500.jpg|250px|Dodge Sprinter 2500 (US)]]<br />
| related = [[Volkswagen Crafter]]<br />
| transmission = 6-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]<Br>5-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]<br />
| wheelbase = '''SWB:''' {{Auto mm|3250|1}}(Not available in US)<br>'''MWB:''' {{Auto mm|3665|1}}<br>'''LWB:''' {{Auto mm|4325|1}}<br />
| length = '''Chassis Double Cab LWB:'''<Br>{{Auto mm|6680|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|6840|1}}<Br>{{Auto mm|6845|1}}<bR>'''Chassis Double Cab MWB:'''<br>{{Auto mm|5870|1}}<Br>{{Auto mm|6085|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|6140|1}}<br>'''Chassis Double Cab SWB:'''<Br>{{Auto mm|5305|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|5560|1}}<br>'''Chassis Single Cab LWB:'''<Br>{{Auto mm|6680|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|6845|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|6930|1}}<br>'''Chassis Single Cab MWB:'''<br>{{Auto mm|5870|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|6020|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|6085|1}}<br>'''Chassis Single Cab SWB:'''<Br>{{Auto mm|5305|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|5570|1}}<br>'''LWB:'''<br>{{Auto mm|7345|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|6940|1}}<br>'''MWB:'''<Br>{{Auto mm|5910|1}}<br>'''SWB:'''<br>{{Auto mm|5245|1}}<br />
| height = '''Chassis Double Cab LWB:'''<br>{{Auto mm|2420|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|2405|1}}<br>'''Chassis Double Cab MWB:'''<br>{{Auto mm|2440|1}}<Br>{{Auto mm|2425|1}}<br>'''Chassis Double Cab SWB:'''<br>{{Auto mm|2365|1}} (Also Chassis Single Cab SWB)<br>{{Auto mm|2380|1}}<br>'''Chassis Single Cab LWB:'''<Br>{{Auto mm|2385|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|2395|1}}<br>'''Chassis Single Cab MWB:'''<Br>{{Auto mm|2410|1}}<bR>{{Auto mm|2400|1}}<br>'''LWB:'''<Br>{{Auto mm|3055|1}} (With Roof)<br>{{Auto mm|3050|1}} (With Roof)<Br>{{Auto mm|2715|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|2825|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|2820|1}}<br>'''MWB:'''<br>{{Auto mm|2720|1}} (With Roof)<br>{{Auto mm|3050|1}} (With Roof)<br>{{Auto mm|2820|1}} (With Roof)<br>{{Auto mm|2435|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|2535|1}}<br>'''SWB:'''<Br>{{Auto mm|2435|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|2725|1}} (With Roof)<br />
| width = '''Vans:'''<br>{{Auto mm|2425|1}}<Br>'''Pickup Trucks:'''<Br>{{Auto mm|2426|1}}<br>{{Auto mm|2682|1}}<br />
| engine = 2148 cc [[Straight-4|I4]] [[Mercedes-Benz OM646 engine|OM 646]]<br>2987 cc [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Mercedes-Benz OM642 engine|OM642]] CDI<br>3.5L V6 Gas<br />
}}<br />
The '''Mercedes-Benz Sprinter''' is a delivery [[van]], [[chassis cab]] and [[minibus]] built by [[Daimler AG]] in [[Düsseldorf]], [[Germany]] and [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]] and sold worldwide as a [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] model, except in [[North America]] where it is built from [[Complete_knock_down|CKD]] kits and sold as a [[Dodge]] and as a [[Freightliner LLC|Freightliner]]. It was launched in Europe in 1995 to replace the famous but outdated [[Mercedes-Benz T1]] van (dating from 1977) and in 2001 in the U.S. (originally branded as a Freightliner there). It is designed primarily for business, not private users, although [[RV]] conversions are available. In the US, the first generation Sprinters (2001-2006) were offered solely with the Mercedes Benz [[Straight-5|5 cylinder]] [[turbodiesel]] 2.7L. It is currently offered with [[Straight-4|four]] and six cylinder [[diesel]], [[Straight-6|six cylinder]] [[gasoline]] or [[liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]] engines in Europe, Asia, Australia, and South America. In North America, only the six cylinder turbo diesel 3.0L and six cylinder gasoline 3.5L engines are offered. The body shell is also used in a joint-venture with [[Volkswagen]] who made the [[Volkswagen LT]] and the [[Volkswagen Crafter]].<br />
<br />
The second generation Sprinter was introduced in Europe in 2006. <br />
<br />
The Mercedes-Benz Sprinter was voted Van of the Year 2007 by [[Professional Van and Light Truck Magazine]]<br />
<br />
There is an [[Hybrid car|electric hybrid]] <ref>[http://news.com.com/The+greening+of+the+city+bus/2100-11389_3-6079090.html The greening of the city bus | CNET News.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.<br />
<br />
The model designations for the first generation Sprinter are W901, W902, W903, W904 and W905, depending on the gross weight rating.<br />
<br />
For 2003, DaimlerChrysler introduced a Dodge-branded version of the Sprinter to the North American market. Rather than redesign the aging [[Dodge Ram Van]] which has used the same basic body and layout since the 1970s, the Sprinter offers a more fuel efficient alternative, available with a factory-built tall roof. It is identical to the [[Freightliner Trucks]] version save for the badging. While the Sprinter is offered to individuals, it is primarily a business model. The Sprinter's main US competitors include the [[Ford E-Series]] and the [[Chevrolet Express]]. <br />
<br />
In Europe and elsewhere, the main competitors are the [[Ford Transit]] and the [[Fiat Ducato]]. Overall around 1.3 million Sprinters have rolled off the assembly lines. The Dodge Sprinter sold 19,578 units in the United States in 2005, while Freightliner sold approximately 2,500 units, giving it just 3.5% of the full-size van market. {{Fact|date=September 2007}}<br />
<br />
Companies such as [[Microsoft]] are replacing van conversions with wide bus bodies with Sprinters with side-facing benches and tall right-side doors as campus shuttle buses. Limited numbers of complete "[[Station wagons|wagons]]" (passenger vans) are being produced in Germany and shipped complete to the U.S. market for mostly individual and church [[van]] uses. Typical Sprinter Wagons are 8-10 passengers and have glass in all of the normal positions that windows can be factory installed. Vans shipped to the U.S. on spec (Speculation to sell by dealer/distributor) are mostly sent in Arctic White color, but many standard and a few special colors are available on these passenger vans. The Dodge dealer network for Sprinters is limited to certified locations (known as "Business Link" certified dealers, usually only awarded to "Five Star" certified dealers) and dealer knowledge is still limited in both sales and service. Special orders typically take 1-3 months for delivery and make stretch out even longer, due to the assembly and disassembly in Germany, exporting of parts to South Carolina for re-assembly, the exception being passenger van models which are assembled in Germany and exported assembled: mid-late 2006 orders are probably going to be for 2007 models and delayed further for production to catch up to demand. {{Fact|date=September 2007}}<br />
<br />
In North America, most Sprinters are sold as cargo vans to expediters in the United States. Such expediters are similar to truck drivers except they take smaller loads and will wait in a town indefinitely after unloading until dispatchers find another customer nearby to transport goods. The advent of the Sprinter van with its cargo space of 13-1/2 feet (4.1 m) has allowed van expediters to take three 48 × 48 in (1.22 x 1.22 m) skids or pallets where previously they were confined to two. A Sprinter driver is capable of hauling approximately 3000 lb (1360 kg) of cargo. The pool of Sprinter drivers gives more choice, efficiency and flexibility to trucking companies and their customers. They have become popular delivery and supply vans, with [[DHL]] and [[FedEx]] moving their fleets away from trucks and more and more towards smaller, more aerodynamic and more fuel-efficient Sprinters {{Fact|date=September 2007}}. Trade workers and others who spend time in the cargo bed of the Sprinter find the added roof height, an option on all Sprinters, a more comfortable alternative to traditional North American vans; even a six-footer can stand upright inside. It has been noted that Sprinters are substantially more expensive to maintain and repair than their American counterparts, which is an important consideration for small business operators.{{Fact|date=September 2007}}<br />
<br />
Another market in which Sprinters are gaining ground is as van conversions and [[Recreational vehicle|mini-motorhomes]]. They have adopted as a smaller high-end fuel efficient van-based RV chassis, rather than replacing Ford and GM chassis. {{Fact|date=September 2007}}<br />
<br />
In the North American market, the current Sprinter will be replaced in early 2007{{Fact|date=September 2007}}. This model will be re-assembled for the United States at a plant in [[Ladson, South Carolina]] (previous generation Sprinters were re-assembled at a plant in [[Gaffney, South Carolina]]) that is currently utilized by [[American LaFrance]], a former business unit of Freightliner LLC. The 2007 version is a complete redesign from the prior model. In 2007, the current 2.7-liter inline 5 cylinder turbo diesel will be replaced in the US with a choice of V6 turbo diesel or [[V6]] gasoline engine. DaimlerChrysler plans to invest [[United States dollar|US$]]35 million to prepare the plant for the assembly of Sprinter vans from [[Complete knock down|CKD]] kits imported from Europe. {{Fact|date=September 2007}}<br />
<br />
== Engines ==<br />
=== 2000&ndash;2007 (2002&ndash;2006 USA)===<br />
{|class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"<br />
|- style="background:#DCDCDC" align="center" valign="middle" <br />
!Models<br />
!Engine code<br />
!Engine type<br />
!Total capacity<br />
!Max power<br />
!Max torque<br />
|- bgcolor=#ffffff<br />
|'''208 CDI<br>308 CDI<br>408 CDI'''||OM 611||[[Straight-4|I4]] [[DOHC]] [[Multi-valve|16V]]||{{Auto cc|2148}}||{{Auto PS|82}}||{{Auto Nm|200}}<br />
|-<br />
|'''211 CDI<br>311 CDI<br>411 CDI'''||OM 611||I4 DOHC 16V||{{Auto cc|2148}}||{{Auto PS|109}}||{{Auto Nm|270}}<br />
|-<br />
|'''213 CDI<br>313 CDI<br>413 CDI'''||OM 611||I4 DOHC 16V||{{Auto cc|2148}}||{{Auto PS|129}}||{{Auto Nm|300}}<br />
|-<br />
|'''216 CDI<br>316 CDI<br>416 CDI<br>616 CDI'''||OM 612/ OM 647||I5 DOHC 20V||{{Auto cc|2685}}||{{Auto PS|156}}||{{Auto Nm|330}}<br />
|-<br />
|'''214'''<br>'''314'''<br>'''414'''||M 111||I4 DOHC 16V||{{Auto cc|2295}}||{{Auto PS|143}}||{{Auto Nm|210}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== 2006&ndash;present (2007&ndash;present USA)===<br />
{|class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center; font-size: 90%;"<br />
|- style="background:#DCDCDC" align="center" valign="middle" <br />
!Models<br />
!Engine code<br />
!Engine type<br />
!Total capacity<br />
!Max power<br />
!Max torque<br />
|- bgcolor=#ffffff<br />
|'''209 CDI<br>309 CDI<br>509 CDI'''||OM 646||I4 DOHC 16V||{{Auto cc|2148}}||{{Auto PS|88}}||{{Auto Nm|220}}<br />
|-<br />
|'''211 CDI<br>311 CDI<br>411 CDI<br>511 CDI'''||OM 646||I4 DOHC 16V||{{Auto cc|2148}}||{{Auto PS|109}}||{{Auto Nm|280}}<br />
|-<br />
|'''213 CDI<br>313 CDI'''||OM 646||I4 DOHC 16V||{{Auto cc|2148}}||{{Auto PS|129}}||{{Auto Nm|305}}<br />
|-<br />
|'''215 CDI<br>315 CDI<br>415 CDI<br>515 CDI'''||OM 646||I4 DOHC 16V||{{Auto cc|2148}}||{{Auto PS|150}}||{{Auto Nm|330}}<br />
|-<br />
|'''218 CDI<br>318 CDI<br>418 CDI<br>518 CDI'''||OM 642||V6 DOHC 24V||{{Auto cc|2987}}||{{Auto PS|184}}||{{Auto Nm|400}}<br />
|-<br />
|'''224<br>324<br>424<br>524'''||M 272||V6 DOHC 24V||{{Auto cc|3498}}||{{Auto PS|258}}||{{Auto Nm|340}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Sprinter model line-up==<br />
<br />
*Passenger van<br />
*Conversion van<br />
*Cargo van<br />
*[[Minibus]]<br />
*Cab-chassis<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Mercedes-Benz]] - Worldwide of Mercedes-Benz Sprinter<br />
*[[Dodge]] - USA & Canada of Dodge Sprinter<br />
*[[Freightliner Trucks]] - USA & Canada of Freightliner Sprinter<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www2.mercedes-benz.co.uk/content/unitedkingdom/mpc/mpc_unitedkingdom_website/en/home_mpc/van/home/new_vans/new_vans_showroom/sprinter.html Official British website of the Mercedes-Benz Sprinter]<br />
*[http://www.dodge.com/sprinter/index.html?context=vehiclePage&type=vehicleLink Official Dodge Sprinter website]<br />
*[http://www.fl-sprinter.com/ Official Freightliner Sprinter website]<br />
*[http://www.ibenz.co.uk/mercedes-sprinter/ Mercedes Sprinter UK Models]<br />
*[http://www.fydafreightliner.com/ Sprinter Questions Answered]<br />
<br />
{{Mercedes-Benz vehicles}}<br />
{{Dodge}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Mercedes-Benz vehicles|Sprinter]]<br />
[[Category:Buses]]<br />
[[Category:Trucks]]<br />
[[Category:Vans]]<br />
[[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Hybrid vans]]<br />
[[Category:Plug-in hybrid vehicles]]</div>24.131.148.162https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Kenosha_EngineKenosha Engine2009-02-03T02:36:53Z<p>Budlight: 1 revision</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Kenosha Engine''' is a [[Chrysler]] [[automobile]] factory in [[Kenosha, Wisconsin]]. The factory opened in 1917 and was acquired by Chrysler with their purchase of [[American Motors Corporation|American Motors]] in August 1987.<br />
<br />
The buildings have {{convert|1900000|sqft}} of floor space and the property is located on {{convert|106|acre|km2}} at 5555 30th Avenue, Kenosha, Wisconsin.<br />
<br />
The opening of the 3.5-liter engine line, in 2002, came after the company invested $624 million in a {{convert|450000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} expansion of the plant.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=414819 Content, Thomas. "Kenosha Chrysler plant eases closer to new production line" Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, April 10, 2006]. retrieved on [[January 13]] [[2008]].</ref><br />
<br />
As of January 2007, employment at this facility was 850 workers.<br />
<br />
Kenosha Engine is one of Chrysler Group Powertrain plants scored at the top of their segment according to the 2007 Harbour Report North America report, a broadly accepted measure of productivity in the automotive industry.<ref>[http://www.motortrend.com/features/newswire/91/29001/ Chrysler Group Maintains Greatest Productivity Improvement Over Six Years, Accordin... - Auto News from May 31, 2007]. retrieved on [[January 13]] [[2008]].</ref><br />
<br />
Significantly, Chrysler excluded employees of the Kenosha plant from its February 2, 2009 buyout offer for hourly workers. <br />
<br />
Current products:<br />
* 1997–present [[Chrysler PowerTech engine#2.7|PowerTech 2.7&nbsp;L]] [[V6]]<br />
* 2003–present [[Chrysler 3.3 engine#3.5|3.5&nbsp;L]] [[V6]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [http://cgcomm.daimlerchrysler.com/plants.do?method=display&docId=345 Official company page on this facility], retrieved on [[January 13]] [[2008]].<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:American Motors]]<br />
[[Category:Chrysler factories]]<br />
[[Category:Motor vehicle assembly plants in Wisconsin]]<br />
[[Category:Kenosha, Wisconsin]]</div>76.191.140.235https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Plymouth_BarracudaPlymouth Barracuda2009-02-03T00:50:29Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[.{2}:[^:]+\]\] +)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Automobile<br />
| boxcolor = darkgreen<br />
| image = [[Image:'70 Plymouth Barracuda.jpg|250px|1970 Plymouth Barracuda]] ''1970 Plymouth Barracuda''<br />
| name = Plymouth Barracuda<br />
| manufacturer = [[Plymouth (automobile)|Plymouth]]<br />
| parent_company = [[Chrysler Corporation]]<br />
| production = 1964–1974<br />
| assembly = [[Hamtramck, Michigan]]<br>[[Windsor, Ontario]], [[Canada]]<br />
| layout = [[FR layout]]<br />
| class = [[Muscle car]]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Plymouth Barracuda''' is a 2-door car that was manufactured by the [[Plymouth automobile|Plymouth]] division of the [[Chrysler Corporation]] from 1964 through 1974.<br />
<br />
The first-generation Barracuda, a [[fastback]] [[Chrysler A platform|A-body]] [[coupé]] based on the [[Plymouth Valiant]], had a distinctive wraparound back glass and was available from 1964 to 1966.<br />
<br />
The second-generation 1967 &ndash; 1969 Barracuda, though still Valiant-based, was heavily redesigned. Second-generation A-body cars were available in fastback, [[notchback]], and [[convertible]] versions.<br />
<br />
The 1970 &ndash; 1974 [[Chrysler E platform|E-body]] Barracuda, no longer Valiant-based, was available as a coupé and a convertible, both of which were very different from the previous models.<br />
<br />
==1964–66==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = First generation<br />
| image = [[Image:1966 Plymouth Barracuda.jpg|250px|1966 Plymouth Barracuda]]<br />
| production = 1964–1966<br />
| engine = {{Auto CID|170}} ''[[Chrysler Slant 6 engine|Slant-6]]''<br>{{Auto CID|225}} Slant-6<br>{{Auto CID|273}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine|LA]]'' [[V8]]<br />
| wheelbase = {{auto in|106}}<br />
| length = {{auto in|188.2}}<br />
| height = {{auto in|70.1}}<br />
| body_style = 2-door [[fastback]] [[coupe]]<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler A platform|A-body]]<br />
| related = [[Plymouth Valiant]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Automotive trends in the early-mid 1960s had all the US manufacturers looking at making sporty compact cars. Chrysler's [[Chrysler A platform|A-body]] [[Plymouth Valiant]] was chosen for the company's efforts in this direction.<ref name=Mighty>{{cite book<br />
| last = Young<br />
| first = Tony<br />
| authorlink = <br />
| coauthors = <br />
| title = Mighty Mopars 1960–1974<br />
| publisher = Motorbooks International<br />
| year = 1984<br />
| location = <br />
| pages = 25<br />
| url = <br />
| doi = <br />
| id = <br />
| isbn = 978-0879381240}}</ref><br />
<br />
Ford's [[Ford Mustang|Mustang]], which significantly outsold the Barracuda, gave to this type of vehicle its colloquial name "[[pony car]]", but the Barracuda fastback's release on [[1 April]] [[1964]] beat the Mustang by two weeks <ref name=allpar>{{cite web | url=http://www.allpar.com/model/cuda.html | title=The Plymouth Barracuda: First Pony (Fish?) Car | journal=[http://www.allpar.com/ Allpar] | accessdate=2008-09-02}}</ref>.<br />
<br />
Plymouth's executives had wanted to name the car ''Panda'', an idea that was unpopular with the car's designers. In the end, [[John Samsen]]'s suggestion of ''Barracuda'' was selected.<ref name = samsen/><br />
<br />
The Barracuda used the Valiant's 106&nbsp;in wheelbase and the Valiant hood, headlamp bezels, windshield, vent windows, quarter panels and bumpers; all other sheet metal and glass was new. This hybrid design approach significantly reduced the development and tooling cost and time for the new model.<br />
[[Image:1965 Plymouth Barracuda fastbak ivory.jpg|thumb|left|1965 Plymouth Barracuda]]<br />
The fastback body shape was achieved primarily with a giant backlight, which wrapped down to the fender line. [[Pittsburgh Plate Glass]] (PPG) collaborated with Chrysler designers to produce this 14.4&nbsp;ft² (4.4&nbsp;m²) rear window, the largest ever installed on a standard production car up to that time<ref> ''Young'', p. 33</ref>.<br />
<br />
The Barracuda was able to return the Valiant's favor the next year, when the fenders and tail lamps that had been introduced on the 1964 Barracuda were used on the whole 1965 Valiant range except for the wagon.<br />
<br />
Powertrains were identical to the Valiant's, including two versions of Chrysler's [[Chrysler Slant-6 engine|slant-6]] engine. The standard-equipment engine had a piston displacement of {{Auto CID|170}} and an output of {{Auto bhp|101|1}}; the {{Auto CID|225}} option raised the power output to {{Auto bhp|145|1}}.<br />
<br />
The highest power option for 1964 was Chrysler's all-new {{Auto CID|273}} [[Chrysler LA engine|LA V8]]. A compact and relatively light engine equipped with a 2-barrel [[carburetor]], it produced {{Auto bhp|180|1}}.<ref>{{cite paper<br />
| last = <br />
| first = <br />
| author = Willem L. Weertman<br />
| authorlink = <br />
| coauthors = E.W. Beckman<br />
| title = Chrysler Corp.'s new 273 cu in. V-8 engine<br />
| version = <br />
| pages = <br />
| publisher = Society of Automotive Engineers<br />
| date = January 1964<br />
| doi = <br />
| doi_brokendate = <br />
| id = 640132<br />
| url = http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/640132<br />
| format = <br />
| accessdate = <br />
}}</ref> The Barracuda sold for a base price of $2,512 (USD).<br />
<br />
1964 was not only the first year for the Barracuda, but also the last year for push-button control of the optional [[Torqueflite]] automatic transmission, so 1964 models were the only Barracudas so equipped.<br />
[[Image:1965 Plymouth Barracuda Formula S.jpg|left|thumb|1965 Barracuda Formula S]]<br />
<br />
In 1965, the 225 slant-6 became the base engine in the US market, though the 170 remained the base engine in Canada.<br />
<br />
New options were introduced for the Barracuda as the competition between pony cars intensified. The 273 engine was made available as an upgraded '''Commando''' version with a 4-barrel carburetor, 10.5:1 compression, a more aggressive camshaft with solid tappets. These and other upgrades increased the engine's output to {{Auto bhp|235|1}}.<br />
<br />
Also in 1965 the '''Formula 'S' ''' package was introduced. It included the Commando V8 engine, suspension upgrades, larger wheels and tires, special emblems and a tachometer. Disc brakes and factory-installed air conditioning became available after the start of the 1965 model year.<br />
<br />
For 1966, the Barracuda received new [[taillight]]s, new front sheet metal, and a new dashboard. The latter had room for oil pressure and tachometer gauges on models so equipped. The 1966 front sheet metal, which except for the grille was shared with the Valiant, gave a more rectilinear contour to the fenders. Deluxe models featured fender-top turn signal indicators with a stylized fin motif. The bumpers were larger, and the grille featured a strong grid theme. A center console was optional for the first time.<br />
<br />
Although the first Barracudas were heavily based on the contemporary Valiants, Plymouth wanted them perceived as distinct models. Consequently, the "Valiant" chrome script that appeared on the 1964 model's trunk lid was phased out on the 1965 model in the US market. For 1966, a Barracuda-specific stylized fish logo was introduced<ref name="samsen"/>, though in markets such as [[Canada]] and [[South Africa]], where Valiant was a marque in its own right, the car remained badged as '''Valiant Barracuda''' until the A-body Barracuda was discontinued.<br />
<br />
In profile, the 1967 [[Hillman Hunter]]-based [[Sunbeam Rapier#Sunbeam Rapier Fastback coupé|Sunbeam Rapier Fastback coupé]] from Chrysler's United Kingdom company (the former [[Rootes]] Group), resembles the 1964–66 Barracuda. However the Rapier's designer, [[Roy Axe]], said that there was no direct connection.{{Fact|date=September 2008}}<br />
<br />
==1967–69==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Second generation<br />
| image = [[Image:67 Barracuda Convertible.jpg|250px|1967 Plymouth Barracuda convertible (1968 fenders and 1969 striping)]]<br />
| production = 1967–1969<br />
| body_style = 2-door [[fastback]] [[coupe]] <br>2-door [[notchback]] [[coupe]] <br>2-door [[convertible]]<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler A platform|A-body]]<br />
| related = [[Dodge Dart]]<br>[[Plymouth Valiant]]<br />
| engine = {{Auto CID|225}} ''Slant-6''<br>{{Auto CID|273}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine|LA]]'' [[V8]]<br>{{Auto CID|318}} ''LA'' V8<br>{{Auto CID|340}} ''LA'' V8<br>{{Auto CID|383}} ''[[Chrysler B engine|B]]'' V8<br>{{Auto CID|440}} ''[[Chrysler RB engine|RB'']] V8}}<br />
The second-generation Barracuda, now a {{Convert|108|in|mm|0|abbrev=off}} wheelbase A-body still sharing many components with the Valiant, was fully redesigned with Barracuda-specific sheet metal styling and its own range of models including convertibles as well as fastback and [[notchback]] hardtops.<br />
[[Image:Plymouth barracuda 440 1969 front.jpg|thumb|left|1969 Plymouth Barracuda]]<br />
The new Barracuda was styled chiefly by [[John E. Herlitz]] and [[John Samsen]].<ref name=samsen>[http://cardesign.homestead.com/barracuda.html John Samsen's Plymouth Barracuda design history]</ref> It was less rectilinear than the Valiant, with coke-bottle side contours and heavily revised front and rear end styling.<br />
<br />
Design cues included a concave rear deck panel, wider wheel openings, curved side glass, and S-curved roof pillars on the notchback.<br />
<br />
The rear portion of the roof on the fastback [[coupe]] was more streamlined, and the back glass, raked at a substantially horizontal angle, was much smaller compared with that of the previous model. Also, the use of chrome trim on the external sheet metal was more restrained.<br />
<br />
During this time frame the first U.S. [[Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 108|Federal auto safety standards]] were phased in, and Chrysler's response to the introduction of each phase distinguishes each model year of the second-generation Barracuda:<br />
<br />
* 1967: no [[Automotive lighting|sidemarker lights or reflectors]].<br />
* 1968: round sidemarker lights without reflectors.<br />
* 1969: rectangular sidemarker reflectors without lights.<br />
<br />
As the pony-car class became established and competition increased, Plymouth began to revise the Barracuda's engine options.<br />
[[Image:1967 Barracuda fastback yellow.jpg|left|thumb|1967 Barracuda fastback]]<br />
<br />
In 1967, while the 225 slant-6 was still the base engine, the [[V8]] options ranged from the 2-barrel and 4-barrel versions of the 273 to a seldom-ordered {{Auto CID|383}} [[Chrysler B engine#383|"B" big-block]], the latter available only with the ''Formula S'' package.<br />
<br />
In 1968 the 273 was replaced by the {{Auto CID|318}} LA engine as the smallest V8 available, and the new {{Auto CID|340}} LA 4bbl was released. The 383 Super Commando engine was upgraded with the intake manifold, camshaft, and cylinder heads from the Road Runner and Super bee, but the more restrictive exhaust manifolds specific to the A-body cars limited its output to 300 bhp (224 kw). <ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Barracuda-Challenger-Muscle-Color-History/dp/0879385383/ref=pd_sim_b_6]</ref><br />
<br />
Also in 1968, Chrysler made approximately 50 fastback Barracudas equipped with the {{Auto CID|426}} [[Chrysler Hemi engine|Hemi]] for Super Stock drag racing<ref name=allpar/>.These cars were assembled by Hurst Performance and featured lightweight items such as lightweight Chemcor side glass, fiberglass front fenders, and hood with scoop, lightweight seats, and sound deadener and other street equipment such as rear seats omitted. An included sticker indicated that the car was not for use on public roads; it could run the quarter in the mid 10s in 1968.<ref name=allpar/><br />
[[Image:'67 Plymouth Barracuda.jpg|thumb|left|'67 Plymouth Barracuda]]<br />
[[Image:'69 Plymouth Barracuda 383 (Rigaud).jpg|thumb|1969 Barracuda]]<br />
Today, original Hemi super stock Barracudas (and similarly configured Dodge Darts) are highly prized collector vehicles, with original unaltered cars commanding high prices<ref>[http://www.webcitation.org/5ceMdEduF Barrett-Jackson auto auction results 2005]</ref><br />
<br />
For the South African export market, a {{convert|190|bhp|abbr=on}} high-performance version of the 225 slant-6 called ''Charger Power'' was offered with 9.3:1 compression, 2-barrel carburetor, more aggressive [[camshaft]], and low-restriction exhaust system.<br />
<br />
A handful of [[Savage gt|Savage GT]]s were also built from the second-generation Barracuda.<br />
<br />
In 1969 Plymouth placed increased emphasis on providing and marketing performance. A new option was the '''Mod Top''', a vinyl roof covering with a floral motif, available 1969 and 1970. Plymouth sold it as a package with seat and door panel inserts done in the same pattern. <ref>[http://www.mooresmopars.com/modregistry.html]</ref><br />
<br />
The 1969 version of the 383 engine was upgraded to increase power output to {{Auto bhp|330|1}}, and a new [[trim package]] called''' 'Cuda''' was released. The 'Cuda, based on the Formula S option, was available with either the 340,383 and new for 1969 the 440 Super Commando V8.<br />
<br />
==1970–74==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Third generation<br />
| image = [[Image:'74 Plymouth Cuda (Rigaud).JPG|250px|1974 Plymouth 'Cuda]]<br />
| production = 1970–1974<br />
| aka = Plymouth 'Cuda<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler E platform|E-body]]<br />
| related = [[Dodge Challenger]]<br />
| body_style =2-door [[notchback]] [[coupe]] <br>2-door [[convertible]]<br />
| engine = {{Auto CID|198}} ''Slant-6''<br>{{Auto CID|225}} ''Slant-6''<br>{{Auto CID|318}} ''LA'' V8<br>{{Auto CID|340}} ''LA'' V8<br>{{Auto CID|360}} ''LA'' V8<br>{{Auto CID|383}} ''B'' V8<br>{{Auto CID|426}} [[Chrysler Hemi engine#426|Hemi]] V8<br>{{Auto CID|440}} ''RB'' V8}}<br />
<br />
The redesign for the 1970 Barracuda removed all its previous commonality with the Valiant. The original fastback design was deleted from the line and the Barracuda now consisted of coupe and convertible models. The all-new model, styled by [[John E. Herlitz]], was built on a shorter, wider version of Chrysler's existing [[Chrysler B platform|B platform]], called the [[Chrysler E platform|E-body]]. Sharing this platform was also the newly launched [[Dodge Challenger]]; however, no sheet metal interchanged between the two cars, and the Challenger had a {{convert|2|in|0|adj=on}} longer wheelbase.<br />
<br />
The E-body Barracuda was now "able to shake the stigma of 'economy car'."<ref>{{cite book | last = Newhardt | first = David | title = Dodge Challenger & Plymouth Barracuda<br />
| publisher = MotorBooks/MBI<br />
| year = 2000<br />
| pages = 7<br />
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=31CLdf2RfFAC&pg=PA7&dq=Barracuda+stigma+of+economy+car+1970&lr=&ei=3orISNKuDpX8ygSt3PygCw&sig=ACfU3U2aUnvCYEapoytNTEF3fH2XamJPLw<br />
| isbn = 9780760307724 }}</ref> Three versions were offered: the base Barracuda (BH), the luxury oriented Gran Coupe (BP), and the sport model 'Cuda (BS). The high-performance models were marketed as''' 'Cuda''' deriving from the 1969 option. The E-body's engine bay was larger than that of the previous A-body, facilitating the release of Chrysler's {{Auto CID|426}} [[Chrysler Hemi engine#426|Hemi]] for the regular retail market.<br />
<br />
Two six-cylinder engines were available — a new {{Auto CID|198}} version of the slant-6, and the 225 — as well as six different V8s: the 318, 340, 383, 440-4bbl, 440-6bbl, and the 426 Hemi.<ref>[http://www.plymouthbarracuda.net/information/1970-barracuda-production.shtml 1970 Barracuda production totals by powerteam]</ref>. The 440- and Hemi-equipped cars received upgraded suspension components and structural reinforcements to help transfer the power to the road.<br />
<br />
Other Barracuda options included decal sets, hood modifications, and some unusual "high impact" colors such as "Vitamin C", "In-Violet", and "Moulin Rouge".<br />
<br />
[[Swede Savage]] and [[Dan Gurney]] raced identical factory-sponsored AAR (All American Racers) 'Cudas in the 1970 [[Trans-Am Series]]. The cars qualified for three [[pole position]]s but did not win any Trans-Am races; the highest finish was 2nd at Road America.{{facts|date=December 2008}}<br />
<br />
A street version of the AAR 'Cuda was produced, powered by the {{Auto CID|340}} "six pack" (three two-barrel carburetors) engine.<br />
<br />
The Barracuda was changed slightly for 1971, with a new grille and taillights, seat, and trim differences. This would be the only year that the Barracuda would have four [[headlight]]s, and also the only year of the fender "gills" on the 'Cuda model.<br />
<br />
The 1971 Barracuda engine options would remain the same as that of the 1970 model, except the 4-barrel carbureted 440 engine was not available; all 440-powered Barracudas had a six-barrel carburetor setup instead. The 426 Hemi remained available, and the Hemi-powered 1971 Barracuda [[convertible]] is now considered one of the most valuable collectible muscle cars. Only eleven were built, seven of which were sold domestically, and examples of these cars have sold for [[United States dollar|US$]]2 million.<ref name=Forbes>[http://www.forbes.com/forbeslife/vehicles/2006/11/20/plymouth-hem-barracuda-forbeslife-vehicles-cx_dl_1121vow.html?partner=rssl Forbes - Covetable 'Cuda]</ref>.<br />
<br />
In 1970 and 1971, the '''[[shaker hood]]''' and the Spicer-built '''Dana 60''' rear axle were available. The shaker hood was available with 340, 383, 440-4bbl and 440-6bbl, and 426 Hemi engines. The heavy-duty (and heavy) Dana 60, with a 9¾&nbsp;in ring gear, was standard equipment with [[manual transmission]]s and 440-6bbl and 426 Hemi engines, and was optional on those with the [[automatic transmission]].<br />
<br />
After another grille and taillight redesign in 1972, the Barracuda would remain unchanged through 1974, with dual headlights and four circular taillights. Big Block engines (383, 440, & 426 Hemi) were no longer offered; and the 318 was added to the 'Cuda (BS) as the base engine. This continued through 1974 with the 340 being dropped in lieu of the HP 360.<br />
<br />
As with other American vehicles of the time, there was a progressive decrease in the Barracuda's performance. To meet increasingly stringent safety and [[Automobile emissions control|exhaust emission]] regulations, big-block engine options were discontinued. The remaining engines were detuned year by year to reduce exhaust emissions, which also reduced their power output. There was also an increase in weight as bumpers became larger, and for 1973 doors were equipped with heavy steel side-impact protection beams. By 1974, only the 318 and 360 engines were available. Higher fuel prices and performance-car insurance surcharges deterred many buyers as the interest in high performance cars waned. Sales had dropped dramatically after 1970, and Barracuda production ended [[April 1]], [[1974]], ten years to the day after it had begun.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:'70 Plymouth Barracuda (Auto classique).JPG|1970 Barracuda<br />
Image:'70 Plymouth Barracuda Hemi (Auto classique).JPG|1970 Hemi Barracuda<br />
Image:SC06 1971 Plymouth 'Cuda 440.jpg|1971 440 'Cuda<br />
Image:'71 Plymouth Barracuda (Auto classique).JPG|1971 Barracuda<br />
Image:'74 Plymouth Barracuda (Auto classique).JPG|1974 Barracuda<br />
Image:1970 Plymouth Barracuda.jpg|1970 Plymouth Barracuda<br />
Image:1970 Plymouth Hemi'Cuda.jpg|1970 Plymouth Hemi'Cuda<br />
Image:1971 Plymouth Hemi 'Cuda.jpg|1971 Plymouth Hemi'Cuda<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==After 1974==<br />
A 1975 Barracuda was planned before the end of the 1970-74 model cycle. Plymouth engineers sculpted two separate concepts out of clay, both featuring a [[Plymouth Superbird|Superbird]]-inspired aerodynamic body, and eventually reached a consensus upon which an operational concept car could be built. Due to a rapidly changing automotive market, the concepts were scrapped and the 1975 Barracuda was not put into production. <ref>[http://www.popularhotrodding.com/features/0709phr_1975_barracuda/index.html 1975 Barracuda - The Fish that Got Away]</ref><br />
<br />
The Barracuda is today a muscle car sought by collectors, though the rarity of specific models and option combinations today is largely the result of low buyer interest and production when the vehicles were new.<br />
<br />
In 2007, Motor Trend magazine reported a rumor that the [[Chrysler Group]] was considering reviving the Barracuda in 2009<ref>[http://blogs.motortrend.com/6208266/car-news/chrysler-considering-resurrecting-the-barracuda/index.html Motor Trend's ''Return of the 'Cuda'']</ref> alongside the revived [[Dodge Challenger]] to compete with the Ford Mustang and new [[Chevrolet Camaro]]. Because the [[Plymouth (automobile)|Plymouth]] brand was withdrawn from the market in 2001, the new Barracuda would be branded as a Chrysler. However, a Chrysler official called the Barracuda's reintroduction unlikely.{{Fact|date=November 2008}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.allpar.com/model/cuda.html Allpar.com Plymouth Barracuda Page]<br />
* [http://ateupwithmotor.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=124:plymouth-barracuda-part-one&catid=38:sports-cars-muscle-cars&Itemid=69 Plymouth Barracuda history part one]<br />
* [http://ateupwithmotor.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=125:plymouth-barracuda-part-two&catid=38:sports-cars-muscle-cars&Itemid=69 Plymouth Barracuda history part two]<br />
<br />
{{Plymouth}}<br />
<br />
{{Historic Plymouth Timeline}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Plymouth vehicles|Barracuda]]<br />
[[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Muscle cars]]<br />
[[Category:Convertibles]]<br />
[[Category:Coupes]]<br />
[[Category:1960s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:1970s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1964]]</div>67.232.57.90https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/AMC_MatadorAMC Matador2009-02-02T23:46:04Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{(commons|unreferenced|refimprove|mergefrom|unreferenced|expand|review|fansite|for|wikify|verylong)[^}]*}} +)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Automobile<br />
| image = [[Image:1972 AMC Matador.jpg|250px|1972 AMC Matador]]<br />
| boxcolor = darkblue<br />
| name = AMC Matador<br />
| manufacturer = [[American Motors|American Motors Corporation]]<br />
| production = 1971 &ndash; 1978<br />
|assembly =[[Kenosha, Wisconsin]], [[United States|USA]]<br>[[Port Melbourne, Victoria|Port Melbourne]], [[Australia]]<br>[[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]]<br />
| class = [[Mid-size car|Mid-size]]<br />
| body_style = 2-door [[coupe]]<br>2-door [[hardtop]]<br>4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]]<br>4-door [[station wagon]]<br />
| engine = {{Auto CID|232}} [[AMC Straight-6 engine|I6]]<br> {{Auto CID|258}} [[AMC Straight-6 engine|I6]]<br>{{Auto CID|304}} [[AMC V8 engine|V8]]<br>{{Auto CID|360}} [[AMC V8 engine|V8]]<br>{{Auto CID|401}} [[AMC V8 engine|V8]]<br />
| transmission =3-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]<br>4-speed manual<br>3-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]<br />
|layout=[[FR layout]]<br />
| predecessor = [[AMC Rebel]]<br />
| related = [[AMC Ambassador]]<br />
| wheelbase = {{convert|114|in|0}} coupe<br>{{convert|118|in|0}} sedan/wagon<br />
| length = {{convert|209.3|in|0}} coupe<br>{{convert|206.1|in|0}} sedan<br>{{convert|205|in|0}} wagon<br />
| height = {{convert|51.8|in|0}}coupe<br>{{convert|53.8|in|0}} sedan<br>{{convert|56.4|in|0}} wagon<br />
| fuel_capacity = {{Convert|24.9|usgal|L impgal|0|abbr=on}} sedan/coupe <br>{{Convert|19.5|usgal|L impgal|0|abbr=on}} wagon <br />
| similar = [[Chevrolet Chevelle]]<br>[[Ford Torino]]<br>[[Plymouth Satellite]]<br>[[Dodge Charger]]<br />
| designer = [[Richard A. Teague]]<br />
}}<br />
[[Image:1975 AMC Matador base Sedan beige left-rear.jpg|thumb|Second generation 1975 Matador base model sedan]][[Image:1978 AMC Matador leftside.jpg|thumb|1978 AMC Matador sedan]]<br />
<br />
The '''AMC Matador''' is an [[mid-size car|intermediate car]] that was built and sold by [[American Motors|American Motors Corporation]] (AMC) from 1971 to 1978. These models were also assembled in Mexico by [[Vehículos Automotores Mexicanos]] (VAM) and in Australia by [[Australian Motor Industries]] (AMI) with modifications for their markets including continuing the use of the [[Rambler (automobile)|Rambler]] marque.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Matador replaced the [[AMC Rebel]], which had been marketed since 1967. Like the Rebel, the Matador was based on the full-size [[AMC Ambassador]].<br />
<br />
===First Generation===<br />
AMC advertising assured that the Matador was not just a name change and facelift, but in reality, it was the 1970 Rebel restyled with a longer front clip and a new interior. From the firewall back, the Matador shared its body with the Ambassador, which had a longer wheelbase and front end sheetmetal, a formal grille and luxurious trim, as well as more standard equipment that included air conditioning. While "Matador" may have been a move away from connotations of the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] inspired by the rise of the [[Civil Rights Movement]], it did not help solve the obscurity problem, as AMC adopted a "What's a Matador" advertising campaign. <ref>Amazing AMC Muscle book</ref><br />
<br />
The Matador came with [[AMC Straight-6 engine|straight-6]] or a number of [[AMC V8 engine|V8 engines]] and it was available with 2-door [[hardtop]], 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]] and [[station wagon]] body styles. The wagon design was essentially unchanged from the Rebel. A rear facing third row bench seat was available. All wagons included a roof rack and a two-way tailgate that opened down or to the side when the rear window was down.<br />
<br />
==Matador Machine==<br />
The Matador still participated in the [[muscle car]] trend. ''The Machine'' trim package was carried forward from the Rebel to the Matador as an option on 1971 model two-door hardtops. Far lesser known than its 1970 predecessor, less than 50 Matador Machines were produced. The package featured a set of dual exhaust pipes, a heavy-duty handling package, and a choice of either a {{Auto CID|360}} or {{Auto CID|401}} V8 engine. Unlike the Rebel Machine, the Matador Machine did not have the bold red-white-blue striping. Only one Matador Machine is known to still exist.<br />
<br />
===Second Generation===<br />
A major design change was introduced with the 1974 models for both the sedan and wagon, while the two-door became a separate and radically styled [[coupe]]. These could be considered the "second generation" Matadors. New passenger car requirements called for five-mile an hour (8&nbsp;km) impact protection that was accomplished with massive bumpers. The four-door and wagons received a new front fascia with a hood and grille featuring a prominent central protrusion that followed the front bumper design. Matadors with this front fascia are sometimes nicknamed "[[coffin]] noses" - perhaps a reference to the styling of the classic [[Cord Automobile|Cord]] 810/812.<br />
<br />
During this time the automobile market was moving to smaller cars. The large-sized Matador was no longer attractive to customers demanding more economical cars as fuel and money became increasingly worrisome problems after the [[1973 oil crisis]] and the continuing double digit inflation. Lacking the financial resources for a full redesign (partly because of the expensive tooling costs of the coupe), AMC dropped the large Ambassador after 1974, while the Matador was discontinued after 1978, around the same time as Ford moved their full-size nameplates to a smaller platform. The downsized 1977 [[Chevrolet Impala]] also spelled doom for large intermediates from AMC and Chrysler. AMC would be left with Jeep, Hornet/Gremlin derivatives, and Renault cars. American Motors did not have another large car until the [[Eagle Premier]] that was developed with [[Renault]]'s partnership and introduced right after AMC was purchased by [[Chrysler]].<br />
<br />
==Police==<br />
Though the Ambassador was also offered as a police car, the Matador would prove to be very popular. The largest user of Matador patrol cars was the [[Los Angeles Police Department]], primarily from 1972 to 1974, with some staying in service until the mid 1980's. It was also used by other agencies, including the [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department|Los Angeles Sheriffs Department]] and many other law enforcement agencies across the U.S. and Canada, as well as by [[military police]] units.<br />
<br />
While V8 power was down for many domestic sedans, AMC used a {{Auto CID|401}} [[AMC V8 engine|V8 engine]] that outpowered most other police vehicles. Zero to {{convert|60|mph|0}} times were within 7 seconds, comparable to a 2006 Hemi Charger police car.<ref>[http://www.kuow.org/defaultProgram.asp?ID=11141 Jenkins, Austin. "NW Troopers Slide Behind the Wheel of a Re-Made 1960s Muscle" KUOW-FM broadcast, 7/26/2006], Retrieved on [[December 14]], [[2006]].</ref> Top speed was about {{convert|125|mph|0}}, which took only 43 seconds, much faster than the previous [[Plymouth Satellite]]. However, 1974 would be the last year for the LAPD's purchase of the Matador. The longer-nosed restyle added weight which affected handling and performance, and was less reliable. The model would soon fade in police fleets as downsized Ford's, Chevrolet's and [[Dodge Diplomat]]-based cars became adopted in the late 1970s. Matador police cars would appear in many television shows and movies during the 1970s, most famously, ''[[Adam-12]]'' from 1972 until the show's end in 1975, and also in ''[[The Rockford Files]]'' beginning in 1974.<br />
<br />
==Matador coupe==<br />
[[Image:Matador1.JPG|thumb|1974 AMC Matador X Coupe.]]<br />
<br />
The 1974 model year introduced an aerodynamically styled [[fastback]] coupe with pronounced "tunneled" headlight surrounds. The Matador coupe was the only all-new model in the popular [[mid-size car]] segment. The coupe was designed by AMC's Vice President of Styling, [[Richard A. Teague]], with input from [[Mark Donohue]], the famous race car driver. Many were amazed that AMC came up with the fast, stylish Matador, considering the automaker's size and limited resources.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4155/is_20000102/ai_n9598725 Jedlicka, Dan. "Matador: bumper-to-bumper style" Chicago Sun-Times, January 2, 2000.] Retrieved on [[December 14]], [[2007]].</ref><br />
<br />
The coupe's wind-shaped look was enhanced by a very long hood and a short rear deck. The four-door and station wagon models did not share the complete redesign of the coupe. The Matador coupe stands out as one of the more distinctive and controversial designs of the 1970s after the [[AMC Pacer]]. The Matador coupe was named "Best Styled Car of 1974" by the editors of [[Car and Driver]] magazine.<ref>Car and Driver, November 1973 issue.</ref><br />
<br />
Sales of the coupe were brisk with 62,629 Matador Coupes delivered for its introductory year, up sharply from the 7,067 Matador hardtops sold in 1973.<ref>[http://www.matadorcoupe.com/history.htm Matador Coupe History 1974-1978], Retrieved on [[December 14]], [[2007]].</ref> This is a respectable record that went against the drop in the overall market during 1974 and the decline in popularity of intermediate-sized coupes after the [[1973 oil crisis]]. Nearly 100,000 Matador Coupes in total were produced from 1974 through 1978.<br />
<br />
Design plans for a sedan and wagon based on the coupe's styling themes did not reach production.<br />
<br />
===Oleg Cassini===<br />
<!-- FAIR USE of 1974 AMC Matador with Oleg Cassini PRfoto.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:1974 AMC Matador with Oleg Cassini PRfoto.jpg for rationale --><br />
[[Image:1974 AMC Matador with Oleg Cassini PRfoto.jpg|thumb|Cassini showing some of the interior trim he designed]]<br />
A special [[Oleg Cassini]] edition of the Matador coupe was available for the 1974 and 1975 model years. American Motors had the famous American fashion designer develop a more elegant luxury oriented model for the new Coupe. Cassini was renowned in Hollywood and high-society for making elegant ready-to-wear dresses, including those worn by [[Jacqueline Kennedy]].<br />
<br />
The Cassini Coupe was unlike all the other [[personal luxury car]]s. The new Matador did not have the typical vintage styling cues of formal upright grille and squared-off roof with [[opera window]]s. The Cassini version was only available on the Brougham two-door models that included standard features such as individually adjustable reclining seats. Cassini Coupes could be had in only black, copper, or white, and all came with a vinyl covered roof. It also featured copper-colored trim in the grille, headlamp bezels, in turbine-type full wheel covers, and within the rear license plate recess.<br />
<br />
The interior was a Cassini hallmark featuring a comfortable and plush environment. A special black fabric with copper metal buttons on the seats and door panels was set off by extra thick copper carpeting. Additional copper accents were on the steering wheel, door pulls, and on the instrument panel. Embroidered Cassini medallions were featured on the headrests. The glove compartment door, trunklid, front fender, and hood featured Cassini's signature.<br />
<br />
A real life example of an Oleg Cassini Coupe can be seen in the James Bond 007 movie “[[The Man with the Golden Gun]]”, produced in 1974. The car, a copper-colored example, with the black upholstery interior, features prominently in the movie. It is best remembered as the 'flying' car.<br />
<br />
===Barcelona===<br />
[[Image:1977-Matador Barcelona-front left.JPG|thumb|1977 Coupe - Barcelona version.]]<br />
In 1976, a "Barcelona" option offered an alternative to the personal luxury cars offered by other automakers such as the [[Chrysler Cordoba]] and [[Chevrolet Monte Carlo]]. For 1977 and 1978, the Barcelona coupe featured a padded Landau roof and [[opera window]]s, styling cues that were required at that time by buyers in the highly popular two-door "[[personal luxury car|personal luxury]]" market segment. At first it was available in only one distinctive two-tone paint pattern consisting of Golden Ginger Metallic with Sand Tan. In 1978, the Barcelona came in a second color scheme: an Autumn Red Metallic on Claret Metallic combination.<br />
<br />
The Barcelona included numerous comfort and appearance upgrades in addition to the extensive standard equipment that came on all Matadors. The special items were: individual reclining seats in velveteen crush fabric with woven accent stripes, custom door trim panels, unique headliner, headlight bezels painted accent color, black trunk carpet, rear [[sway bar]], GR78x15 radial [[whitewall tire]]s, color-keyed slot styled wheels, body color front and rear bumpers, two-tone paint, landau padded vinyl roof, opera quarter windows with accents, dual remote control mirrors painted body color, Barcelona medallion on glove box door and fenders, {{oz to g|24|abbr=yes}} carpeting and bumper nerfing strips. The standard roll-down rear quarter windows were converted into fixed "opera windows" with fiberglass covers over the stock openings that were finished with padded vinyl inside and out.<br />
<br />
For its final production in 1978, the Barcelona model was also available on the Matador 4-door sedan.<br />
<br />
===NASCAR racing=== <br />
[[Image:AMCMatadorCocaColaPitStop.jpg|right|thumb|Matador during a pit stop]]<br />
[[Penske Racing|Penske]] prepared factory-backed Matador hardtops and coupes were used in [[NASCAR]] [[stock car racing]] by Indy winner [[Mark Donohue]] and [[Bobby Allison]], and won a number of races. The new coupe replaced the previous [http://www.american-motors.de/en/history/70s/ "flying brick"] two-door hardtop design; Penske was quoted as saying that they did what they could with the old hardtop, and it did better on tracks with more curves and fewer straight ways. Donohue did not survive to drive the new aerodynamically designed fastback coupe, that many believe was aimed at NASCAR racing. The 5 wins for the Matador are:<br />
*[[Winston Western 500]] - [[Riverside International Raceway|Riverside]] - Mark Donohue - January 21, 1973<br />
*[[Los Angeles Times 500]] - [[Ontario Motor Speedway|Ontario]] - Bobby Allison - November 24, 1974<br />
*[[Winston Western 500]] - Riverside - Bobby Allison - January 19, 1975<br />
*[[Rebel 500]] - [[Darlington Raceway|Darlington]] - Bobby Allison - April 13, 1975<br />
*[[Southern 500]] - Darlington - Bobby Allison - September 1, 1975<br />
<br />
Bobby Allison also won the non-points race Daytona 125 February 13, 1975 and finished second in the [[Daytona 500]] 3 days later.<br />
<br />
==In pop culture==<br />
* [[Michael Teutul]] from the TV series ''[[American Chopper]]'' owns a Matador Barcelona that was given to him by his father as a gift.<br />
* In the [[James Bond]] movie ''[[The Man with the Golden Gun (film)|The Man with the Golden Gun]],'' the villain [[Francisco Scaramanga]] drives a Matador coupe that could transform into an aircraft. Matador sedans (2nd generation) were used as local police pursuit vehicles. In that movie, various [[American Motors Corporation|American Motors]] vehicles were used despite the fact that the movie was set in [[Thailand]], where AMC cars were never sold; this was a pioneering use of [[product placement]].<br />
* The television series ''[[Adam-12]]'' adopted the Matador along with the LAPD from 1972-1975 <ref>[http://www.javelinamx.com/JavHome/copcar/ National AMC Police Car Registry]</ref><br />
* An LAPD Matador cruiser is seen in the opening credits of TV's ''[[The Rockford Files]]''.<br />
* [[California Highway Patrol]] Matador police cars appear in the movie ''[[Pink Floyd the Wall (film)|The Wall]]''.<br />
* Various Matador police cars were used in the first [[Police Academy (film)|''Police Academy'']] movie<br />
* The [[Michael Jackson]] music video [[Black or White (song)|"Black or White"]] (the 11 minute version) featured a 1971-73 Matador sedan - in the music video, Jackson bashes the door glass and windshield. The Matador is also used as a stage prop in some of Jackson's concerts.<br />
<br />
== Collectability ==<br />
While well-restored examples of Matador sedans can still be purchased under $3,000, ads have been published asking over $10,000 for restored coupes. [[Hemmings Motor News|Hemmings Classic Car]] magazine listed the 1974-78 Matador as one of their 19 pieces of rolling proof that the old-car hobby need not be expensive and described the Coupe as "possibly one of the most distinctive shapes to come out of the 1970s, and arguably a style pinnacle for the [[Personal luxury car|personal luxury]] movement...", the James Bond movie role, as well as its NASCAR history.<ref>Koch, Jeff. "Dollar-A-Pound Collectibles", Hemmings Classic Car, January 2008, page 18.</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
* {{cite book | author = Foster, Patrick | title = AMC Cars: 1954-1987, An Illustrated History | publisher = Motorbooks International | year = 2004 | isbn = 1-58388-112-3}}<br />
* {{cite book | author = Foster, Patrick | title = The Last Independent | publisher = Motorbooks International | year = 1993 | isbn = 0-87341-240-0}}<br />
* {{cite book | author = Montgomery, Andrew | title = The Great Book of American Automobiles | publisher = Motorbooks International | year = 2002 | isbn = 1-84065-478-3}}<br />
* {{cite book | author = Marquez, Edrie J. | title = Amazing AMC Muscle: Complete Development and Racing History of the Cars from American Motors | publisher = Motorbooks International | year = 1988 | isbn = 0-87938-300-3}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.amxfiles.com/amc/part4.html#matador A brief history of the Matador]<br />
*[http://www.amxfiles.com/amcpix/matadors.jpg Norbert Vance's Matador Photo Sampler]<br />
*[http://www.arcticboy.com/Pages/arcticboysmatador.html Arcticboy's Matador page, from which some this page's pictures were taken]<br />
*[http://www.matadorcoupe.com/ The Coupe Coop, a page dedicated entirely to the Matador coupe]<br />
*[http://homepage.mac.com/christopher.z/hobby/Courtesy/_74Coupe.html A page dedicated to the Cassini Matador coupe]<br />
*[http://homepage.mac.com/christopher.z/hobby/78-Matador1.html A page dedicated to the Barcelona Matadors]<br />
*[http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=50094&AMC 1972 AMC Matador station wagon specifications]<br />
*[http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=100771&AMC 1974 AMC Matador X coupe specifications]<br />
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20050210160806/www.matadorsedan.com/ Archived MatadorSedan.com]<br />
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20050205190937/www.matadorsedan.com/police.html Vintage LAPD Matador]<br />
*[http://www.imcdb.org/vehicles.php?make=amc&model=matador IMCDB movie car database]<br />
*[http://www.geocities.com/mmbb444/Matador.html Matador racing history]<br />
<br />
{{American Motors}}<br />
<br />
{{amc_Timeline}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:AMC vehicles|Matador]]<br />
[[Category:Coupes]]<br />
[[Category:Mid-size cars]]<br />
[[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Sedans]]<br />
[[Category:Station wagons]]<br />
[[Category:1970s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:Police vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:The Man with the Golden Gun (film)]]</div>75.13.202.8https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Plymouth_SuperbirdPlymouth Superbird2009-02-02T20:42:53Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[.{2}:[^:]+\]\] +)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Automobile<br />
| name = Plymouth Superbird<br />
| image = [[Image:SuperbirdDecal.jpg|250px|Detail of Road Runner decal]]<br />
| manufacturer = [[Plymouth (automobile)|Plymouth]]<br />
| parent_company = [[Chrysler]]<br />
| production = 1970<br />
| assembly = [[Detroit, Michigan]]<br />
| class = [[Muscle car]]<br />
| body_style = 2-door [[coupe]]<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler B platform|B-body]]<br />
| layout = [[FR layout]]<br />
| engine = [[Chrysler Hemi engine|426 Hemi]]<br />
[[Chrysler RB engine#440|440 Super Commando]]<br />
[[Chrysler_RB_engine#440|440 Super Commando Six Barrel]]<br />
| related = [[Plymouth Road Runner]]<br>[[Dodge Charger Daytona]]<br />
<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The short-lived '''Plymouth Road Runner Superbird''', a sister design to the [[Dodge Charger Daytona]], was designed to beat the [[Ford Torino Talladega]] at [[NASCAR]] [[stock car racing]] and to lure [[Richard Petty]] back to Plymouth. Both cars famously featured a protruding, aerodynamic nosecone, a massive rear [[spoiler (automotive)|spoiler]], and a horn whose sound mimicked the [[Wile_E._Coyote_and_Road_Runner|Road Runner]] cartoon character.<ref>[http://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z741/Plymouth_Road_Runner_Superbird.aspx Plymouth Road Runner Superbird, 1970 Road Runner Superbird | Conceptcarz.com - Pictures, Pricing, Information, Wallpaper, History<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
<br />
{|align = "left"<br />
|[[Image:Plymouth Road Runner Superbird.jpg|thumb|300px]]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Developed specifically for NASCAR racing, the Superbird, a modified [[Plymouth Roadrunner]], and the Charger Daytona, a modified [[Dodge Charger (B-body)|Dodge Charger 500]], were among the first American cars to be designed aerodynamically using a wind tunnel and computer analysis. The Superbird's smoothed-out body and nosecone with retractable headlights added nineteen inches to the Road Runner's original length. A rear wing (spoiler) was mounted on tall tail-fins that put it into less disturbed air thus reducing the car's lightness by keeping the rear tires firmly on the ground at high speeds. The extreme height of these fins also gave clearance for the trunklid to open freely. The rear-facing fender scoops were used for releasing trapped air from the wheel wells.<br />
[[Image:SUperbirdEyes.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Plymouth Superbird]]<br />
[[Image:Plymouth Superbird.jpg|thumb|right|250px]]<br />
[[Image:RichardPettyRoadrunner.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Petty's famous Roadrunner Superbird, on display at the [[Richard Petty Museum]]]]<br />
<br />
However, NASCAR's [[homologation]] requirement demanded that vehicles to be raced have to be available to the general public and sold in sufficient numbers. In 1970, NASCAR raised the production requirement from 500 examples to one for every 2 Manufacturer's dealers in the United States; for Plymouth, that meant having to build 1,920 Superbirds. 1970 would be its only production year.<br />
<br />
"Superbird" decals were placed on the outside edges of the spoiler vertical fins featuring a picture of the [[Wile_E._Coyote_and_Road_Runner|Road Runner]] cartoon character holding a racing helmet. A smaller version of the decal appears on the driver side headlight door. The Superbirds came fitted with the [[Chrysler Hemi engine|426 Hemi]] engine, the [[Chrysler RB engine#440|440 Super Commando]] with a single 4-barrel [[carburetor]], or the [[Chrysler_RB_engine#440|440 Super Commando Six Barrel]] with three two-barrel carburetors. Only 135 models were fitted with the great 426 Hemi. As the 440 was less expensive to produce, the 426 Hemi engine was homologated by producing a minimal number that was optioned in several different Chrysler, Dodge, and Plymouth vehicles.<br />
<br />
On the street, the nosecone and wing were very distinctive, but the aerodynamic improvements hardly made a difference there or on the drag strip. In fact, the 1970 Road Runner was only slightly quicker in the quarter mile. At speeds in excess of 90 mph the differences were more obvious.<br />
<br />
Mr Ranjit Singh was the last ever buyer of a brand new Plymouth.<br />
<br />
==NASCAR==<br />
In Autumn 1968, [[Richard Petty]] left the Plymouth NASCAR Racing Team for Ford's. Charlie Grey, director of the Ford stock car program felt that hiring Petty would send the message that "money rules none". However, the Superbird lured Petty back to Plymouth for the 1970 season. Petty did reasonably well against strong Ford opposition on the NASCAR tracks that year, winning eight races and placing well in many more. A recent tribute Petty's Superbird was seen in the 2006 film ''[[Cars (film)|Cars]]'' with Petty voicing "The King", a stock race car bearing a strong resemblance to a Superbird.<br />
<br />
NASCAR's rules implemented for the 1971 season limited the "[[Aero Warriors|aero-cars]]" to an engine displacement of no greater than 305 in³ (5.0 L) or they had to carry much more weight compared to their competitors. While they were still legal to race, the power-to-weight consequences that would come with the smaller engine or the increased weight rendered the cars uncompetitive. This was the start of a trend of rules slowing down NASCAR, because the races were exceeding the technology of tires and safety over 200 mph. Ford in response also designed the 1970 [[Ford Torino#NASCAR Inspired Torinos|Torino King Cobra]] with a [[Nissan 255Z|240Z]]-like nose, but it was abandoned.<br />
<br />
==Market impact==<br />
[[Image:Pete Hamilton Plymouth Roadruner.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Pete Hamilton]]´s Plymouth Roadruner]]<br />
The Superbird's styling proved to be a little extreme for 1970 tastes (many customers preferred the regular Road Runner), and as a consequence, many examples sat unsold on the back lots of dealerships as late as 1972. Some were converted back into 1970 Road Runners to move them off the sales lot. In recent years, however, the Superbird has become quite valuable. A Superbird can fetch anywhere from $80,000 to [[United States dollar|US$]]300,000. On [[eBay]], bids for original Superbirds crossed $800,000. Some manufacturers produce Superbird conversion kits for 1970 Road Runners and Satellites. Kits are also available for non produced 1971 and 1972 bodies for the Superbird.<br />
<br />
The Superbird and the Dodge Charger Daytona were each built for 1 model year only (1970 and 1969 respectively). Appearing at the peak of the muscle car era, it is certainly one of the rarest and most desirable of muscle cars.<br />
<br />
==Superbird in popular culture==<br />
The car has inspired muscle car enthusiast rock band [[Fu_Manchu_(band)|Fu Manchu]]'s song Superbird<br />
<br />
"The King" car in Disney/Pixar movie Cars bears a strong resemblance to the Superbird<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.stockmopar.com/plymouth-superbird.html Plymouth Superbird] <!-- May not be valuable, but at least it's on-topic and probably not spam. --><br />
*[http://www.allpar.com/model/superbird.html Superbird and Daytona aerodynamics and history]<br />
*[http://www.superbirdclub.com/ Daytona Superbird Auto Club] <!-- The Club for these cars --><br />
*[http://wwnboa.org/ Winged Warriors/NBOA] <!-- The Club for B-Body Cars --><br />
*[http://aerowarriors.com/ Aero Warriors] <!-- An authoritative archive of information, pics, and vids--><br />
[[Category:Plymouth vehicles|Superbird]]<br />
[[Category:Muscle cars]]<br />
[[Category:Coupes]]<br />
[[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:1970s automobiles]]<br />
<br />
{{Plymouth}}<br />
{{Historic Plymouth Timeline}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[simple:Plymouth Superbird]]</div>66.213.198.82https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Daimler_Motor_CompanyDaimler Motor Company2009-02-01T20:33:00Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{(commons|unreferenced|refimprove|mergefrom|unreferenced|expand|review|fansite|for|wikify|verylong|cleanup|images needed|context|citecheck|onesource|unreferencedsection|nofootnotes|refimprovesect|merge|merge-mult</p>
<hr />
<div>:''This article is about the British automobile manufacturer. See [[Daimler]] for other uses derived from the German engineer and inventor [[Gottlieb Daimler]]. For the two direct descendants of Daimler's original company, see [[Daimler-Benz]] and its successor [[Daimler AG]].''<br />
<br />
{{Infobox Defunct Company<br />
| company_name = Daimler Motor Company<br />
| company_logo = [[Image:Daimler logo.svg]]<br />
| fate = Merged<br />
| successor = Jaguar Cars<br />
| foundation = 1896<br />
| defunct = 1960<br />
| location = [[Coventry]], [[West Midlands (county)|West Midlands]], [[United Kingdom]]<br />
| industry = [[Automobile|Automotive]]<br />
| key_people =<br />
| products = <br />
| num_employees = <br />
| parent = [[Jaguar Cars]]<br />
| subsid = [[Lanchester Motor Company]]}}<br />
The '''Daimler Motor Company''' was a [[United Kingdom|British]] motor vehicle manufacturing company, founded in 1896, and based in [[Coventry]]. The company became a subsidiary of [[Birmingham Small Arms|BSA]] in 1910, and was acquired by [[Jaguar Cars]] in 1960. The ''Daimler'' brand stayed with Jaguar Cars through its mergers into [[British Motor Holdings]] and [[British Leyland]], and also when Jaguar regained its independence in 1984. In 1989 the ''Daimler'' brand transferred to the [[Ford Motor Company]] when Jaguar Cars became a subsidiary of Ford's [[Premier Automotive Group]]. In March 2008 the ''Daimler'' brand was included in the deal by Ford to sell its Jaguar Land Rover operations to [[Tata Motors]] of India.<br />
<br />
As of 2006, the use of the ''Daimler'' brand was limited to one model, the [[Daimler Super Eight]].<br />
<br />
==Origins of the name==<br />
Confusingly, the name ''Daimler'' is used by two completely separate groups of [[Automaker|car manufacturer]]s. The history of both companies can be traced back to the [[Germany|German]] engineer [[Gottlieb Daimler]], who patented an [[internal-combustion engine|engine]] design in the late 19th century, built (together with [[Wilhelm Maybach]]) the first [[motorcycle]] in 1885 and built the first four-wheeled car in 1889. This was the origin of the [[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft]] ("Daimler Motor Company") which built cars from the 1890s onwards and sold licenses of its designs and patents to others. The licence granted to the Daimler Motor Company included the right to use the Daimler name in Great Britain. Gottlieb Daimler died in 1900, having sold licences to use the Daimler name in a number of countries. [[Emil Jellinek]] had legal problems selling German Daimlers in France and put it to Daimler Germany that he would put in a large order if they would make a car to order for him bearing his daughter's name ''[[Mércédès Jellinek|Mercedes]]''. These cars proved enormously popular. Daimler Germany now realised the problem of having sold licences to use the Daimler name, and to avoid any further confusion and licensing troubles, the name [[Mercedes (car)|Mercedes]] was adopted for all the cars built by [[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft]] itself, in 1902, while the name ''Daimler'' was last used for a German-built car in 1908.<br />
<br />
In 1924, the [[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft]] merged with [[Karl Benz]]'s [[Benz & Cie.]] to form the [[Daimler-Benz]] car company which built [[Mercedes-Benz]] cars and trucks and agreed to remain together until 2000. In 1998 Daimler-Benz merged with the [[Chrysler Corporation]] to form [[DaimlerChrysler]]. During 2007, DaimlerChrysler split itself again, to become the new [[Chrysler LLC]] and a renamed [[Daimler AG]].<br />
<br />
Through all of this, Ford - via their 1989 purchase of Jaguar - assumed and retained the sole rights to sell automobiles under the Daimler name. However, during 2007 it was revealed that Ford intended to sell off the remaining British-derived portions of its [[Premier Automotive Group|Premier Automotive Group (PAG)]] (consisting of both Land Rover and Jaguar holdings, which include the Daimler franchise). The new suitor in this plan was reported to be [[Tata Motors]] of [[India]], though Ford preferred to refer to Tata as the "preferred bidder" while negotiations continued.<ref>[http://www.leftlanenews.com/ford-names-tata-motors-preferred-bidder-for-jaguar-land-rover.html Ford names Tata Motors preferred bidder for Jaguar, Land Rover<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The deal was then finalized in March 2008.<br />
<br />
The [[Austro-Daimler]] concern has survived as [[Steyr-Daimler-Puch]], despite being absorbed by General Dynamics in 2003.<br />
<br />
==History of the British company==<br />
[[Image:Igdaimler1898.jpg|thumb|right|1898 Daimler car in [[Bristol Industrial Museum]], England]]<br />
[[Image:Daimler 1923.jpg|thumb|right|Daimler TB 6-21 Drophead Coupé 1923]]<br />
[[Image:Daimler BD 10 Saloon 1951.jpg|thumb|right|Daimler BD 10 Saloon 1951]]<br />
[[Image:Daimler Consort Saloon 1951.jpg|thumb|right|Daimler Consort Saloon 1951]]<br />
[[Image:Daimler Drophead Coupe 1951.jpg|thumb|right|Daimler Drophead Coupé 1951]]<br />
<br />
===Company origin===<br />
The [[United Kingdom|UK]] [[patent]] rights to the Gottlieb Daimler's engine were purchased in 1891 <ref name=Beaulieu>{{cite book |last=Georgano |first=N. |title=Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile |year=2000 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |isbn=1-57958-293-1}}</ref> by [[Frederick Simms]], who produced them at his company F R Simms & Co. In 1893 this was renamed the "Daimler Motor Syndicate Ltd" and supplied engines to boat builders. In 1895 [[Harry J. Lawson|Harry Lawson]] bought the company for £35,000<ref name=Beaulieu/> and changed its name again to the British Motor Syndicate, a company mainly trading in patents. In order to capitalise on some of the patents he had bought, in 1896 he founded the "Daimler Motor Company" based in a disused cotton mill he bought in Foleshill, Coventry. Here, from 1897, he built Léon Bollée cars under licence as well as MC and Daimler cars. The first Daimler left the works in January 1897, fitted with a Panhard engine, followed in March by Daimler engined cars. The company claimed to have made 20 cars by July making the Daimler Britain's first motor car to go into serial production. These had a twin cylinder, 1526&nbsp;cc engine, mounted at the front of the car, four speed gearbox and chain drive to the rear wheels.<br />
<br />
Known as Britain's oldest marque, Daimler became the official transportation of Royalty in 1898, after the Prince of Wales, later [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]], was given a ride on a Daimler by John Scott-Montagu, Lord Montagu of Beaulieu. The Royal House of [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]] had, like Daimler, also obtained their name from [[Germany]], but changed this to [[House of Windsor|Windsor]] during [[World War I]].<br />
<br />
Scott-Montagu, as a Member of Parliament, also drove a Daimler into the yard of the British [[Palace of Westminster|Parliament]], the first motorized vehicle to be driven there. Every British monarch from Edward VII to the current [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen]] have been driven in Daimler limousines although, in 1950, after a transmission failure on the King's car, [[Rolls-Royce Limited|Rolls-Royce]] was commissioned as the Royal Primary Carriage, Daimler being reduced to 'second fiddle'.<br />
<br />
Since 1907, the fluted [[radiator grille]] has been the Daimler marque's distinguishing feature. The company acquired a [[Knight Engine]] licence in 1908 to build [[sleeve valve]] engines for its automobiles.<br />
<br />
===BSA take-over===<br />
<br />
From 1910 it was part of [[Birmingham Small Arms Company]] (BSA) group of companies, producing military vehicles as well as cars.<br />
<br />
In addition to cars, Daimler produced engines for the very first [[tank]]s ever built in 1914 ("[[Little Willie]]" and "Big Willie"), a scout army vehicle, engines used in aeroplanes, ambulances, trucks, and double-decker buses. In late 1920s, it, together with [[AEC (Associated Equipment Company)|Associated Equipment Company]], formed the [[Associated Daimler Company]] to build commercial vehicles.<br />
<br />
In 1930 Daimler, through BSA, took over [[Lanchester Motor Company]]. Although at first the marques produced separate ranges of cars with the Daimler badge appearing mainly on the larger models, by the mid 1930s the two were increasingly sharing components leading to the 1936 Lanchester 18/Daimler Light 20 differing in little except trim and grille.<ref name=Beaulieu/> The Daimler range was exceptionally complex in the 1930s with cars using a variety of six and eight cylinder engines with capacities from 1805&nbsp;cc in the short lived 15 of 1934 to the 4624&nbsp;cc 4.5 litre of 1936. <br />
<br />
During [[World War II]], Daimler production was geared to military vehicles. After that war, Daimler produced the [[Ferret armoured car]], a military reconnaissance vehicle, which has been used by over 36 countries.<br />
<br />
Daimler was a proponent of the [[preselector gearbox]]. This was used in passenger vehicles and military vehicles.<br />
<br />
[[Bernard Docker|Sir Bernard Docker]] was the Managing Director of BSA from early in WWII, and married [[Norah, Lady Docker|Lady Norah Collins]] in 1949. It was Lady Norah's third marriage, and she had originally been a successful dance hall hostess, already having married well twice, and already wealthy in her own right. The Lady Norah took an interest in her husband's companies and became a director of [[Hooper (coachbuilder)|Hooper]], the coachbuilders.<br />
<br />
Lady Docker could see that the Daimler cars, while popular with the royal family, were in danger of becoming an anachronism in the modern world. She took it upon herself to raise the company's profile, but in an extravagant fashion, by encouraging Sir Bernard to produce show cars.<br />
<br />
The first was the "Golden Daimler", an opulent touring limousine, in 1952, "Blue Clover, a two door sportsmans coupe, in 1953 the "Silver Flash" based on the 3 litre Regency chassis, and in 1954 "Stardust, redolent of the "Gold Car", but based on the DK400 chassis. At the same time Lady Norah earned a reputation for having rather poor social graces when under the influence, and she and Sir Bernard were investigated for failing to correctly declare the amount of money taken out of the country on a visit to a [[Monte Carlo]] casino. Norah ran up large bills, and presented them to Daimler as business expenses, but some items were disallowed by the Tax Office drawing further attention. The publicity attached to this and other social episodes told on Sir Bernard's standing, as some already thought the cars far too opulent and perhaps a little vulgar for austere post-war Britain. To compound Sir Bernard's difficulty, the royal family shifted allegiance to [[Rolls-Royce Limited|Rolls Royce]].<br />
<br />
In 1951 [[Jack Sangster]] had sold [[Ariel (vehicle)|Ariel]] and [[Triumph Motorcycles|Triumph]] to BSA, and joined their board. The Docker Daimler era was soon to end. By 1956 Sangster was voted in as the new Chairman, defeating Sir Bernard 6 to 3, and he promptly made [[Edward Turner]] head of the automotive division. This then included Ariel, Triumph, and BSA motorcycles, as well as Daimler and [[Carbodies]] (London Taxicab manufacturers). Turner then designed the [[Daimler SP250]] and [[Daimler Majestic Major|Majestic Major]], with a lightweight [[Hemi engine|hemi head]] [[Daimler 2.5 & 4.5 litre|Daimler 2.5 & 4.5 Litre V8 Engines]]. Under Sangster Daimler's vehicles became a little more performance oriented.<br />
<br />
Daimler struggled after the War, producing too many models with short runs and limited production, and frequently selling too few of each model, while Jaguar seemed to know what the public wanted and expanded rapidly.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Daimler-Model 104 - 1956.jpg|thumb|right|Daimler model 104]]<br />
[[Image:1952 Daimler DB18.JPG|thumb|right|Daimler DB18 (1952)]]<br />
Some of the most significant vehicles produced by Daimler prior to their acquisition by [[Jaguar (car)|Jaguar]] in 1960 were:<br />
*1896 First Daimler Vehicle<br />
*1926-1938 The Double Six<br />
*1933-1936 Daimler 15<br />
*1936-1953 Straight Eight (covering a variety of models)<br />
*1938-1945 [[Daimler Dingo]] &mdash; a BSA design<br />
*1939-1949 Daimler DB18<br />
*1940- ? [[Daimler Armoured Car]]<br />
*1946-1952 Daimler DE27/DH27 (straight 6)<br />
*1946-1953 Daimler DE36 (straight 8)<br />
*1952-1971 [[Ferret armoured car|Ferret Scout Car]]<br />
*1949-1953 Daimler DB18 Consort and DB18 Sports Special<br />
*1952-1954 [[Daimler Regency|Daimler Regency/Empress II]]<br />
*1953-1956 [[Daimler Conquest]]<br />
*1954-1957 [[Daimler Regency|Daimler Regency II]]<br />
*1954-1957 [[Daimler Regency|Daimler Empress IIa and Empress III]]<br />
*1954-1958 [[Daimler Conquest|Daimler Conquest Century]]<br />
*1954-1960 [[Daimler DK400|Daimler Regina/DK400]]<br />
*1958-1962 [[Daimler Majestic]]<br />
*1959-1968 [[Daimler Majestic Major]]<br />
*1959-1964 [[Daimler SP250]] (Dart, A-spec.)<br />
<br />
===Jaguar and British Leyland===<br />
[[Image:Daimler 05.jpg|thumb|Daimler V8-250]]<br />
[[Image:Daimler DS420.jpg|thumb|Daimler DS420 Limousine]]<br />
In 1960, the Daimler name was acquired by [[Jaguar Cars]]. [[William Lyons]] was looking to expand manufacture, and wanted the manufacturing facilities, but then had to decide what to do with the existing Daimler vehicles.<br />
<br />
The Daimler Majestic Major and the sporty [[Daimler SP250|Dart]], already in production, were continued for a number of years, using the Daimler V8 engine. In 1961 Daimler introduced the [[Daimler DR450|DR450]] , a limousine version of its Majestic Major with a longer chassis and bodyshell and higher roofline. It continued in production until the [[Daimler DS420|DS420]] arrived in 1968, by which time it had sold almost as many as the "Major" saloon.<br />
<br />
These were the last Daimler-badge cars not designed by [[Jaguar Cars|Jaguar]].<br />
<br />
It is said that Jaguar put a Daimler 4.5L V8 in a [[Jaguar Mark X|Mark X]], and it went better than the Jaguar version. It is also said that when Jaguar ceased production of Daimler designed vehicles, Lyons had all the spares bulldozed into a pit.<br />
<br />
The last car to have a Daimler engine was the [[Daimler 250|V8 250]] which was essentially, apart from a fluted grille, badges and drivetrain, a more luxurious Jaguar Mark II.<br />
<br />
Jaguar merged with the [[British Motor Corporation]], the masters of [[badge-engineering]] marques in 1966 to form [[British Motor Holdings]] (BMH). Not surprisingly, except for the [[Daimler DS420]] Limousine introduced in 1968 and withdrawn from production in 1992, subsequent vehicles were [[badge-engineered]] Jaguars, but given a more luxurious and upmarket finish. For example the [[Daimler Double-Six]] was a [[Jaguar XJ|Jaguar XJ-12]] with the Daimler badge and fluted grille and boot handle being the only outward differences from the Jaguar, with more luxurious interior fittings and extra standard equipment marking it out on the inside.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Daimlersovereign1972.jpg|thumb|right|1972 Daimler Sovereign 4.2 (XJ6 Series 1)]]<br />
<br />
During that period, Daimler became the second-largest (after Leyland) [[double-decker bus]] manufacturer in Britain, with the "Fleetline" model. At the same time, Daimler made trucks and motorhomes.<br />
<br />
BMH merged with the [[Leyland Motor Corporation]] to give the [[British Leyland Motor Corporation]] in 1968. Production of Daimler buses in Coventry ceased in 1973 when production of its last bus product (the [[Daimler Fleetline]]) was transferred to Leyland plant in [[Farington]]. The Daimler marque stayed within BLMC and its subsequent forms until 1982, at which point Jaguar (and Daimler) went their own way and the [[Austin Rover Group]] went the other.<br />
<br />
Significant Daimler models for that period include:<br />
*1959-1968 [[Daimler Majestic Major]]<br />
*1959-1964 [[Daimler SP250]] (B and C spec.)<br />
*1961-1967 [[Daimler DR450]] Hemi V8 Limousine<br />
*1962-1969 [[Daimler 250]] V8<br />
*1966-1969 [[Daimler Sovereign]] (badge-engineered Jaguar 420)<br />
*1968-1992 [[Daimler DS420]] Limousine<br />
*1969-1983 [[Daimler Sovereign]] (badge-engineered Jaguar XJ6)<br />
<br />
[[Image:1988.daimler.dsix.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|1988 Daimler Double Six]]<br />
===Daimler buses===<br />
A significant element of Daimler production was bus chassis, mostly for double deckers. These were developed after World War 1, and Daimler entered into a short joint venture with AEC in the early 1920s, vehicles being badged as Associated Daimler. In the 1930s the Daimler COG became the main model, and in postwar years production worked through the Daimler CVG to the long-running Daimler CRG Fleetline, built from 1960 to 1980. Small numbers of single deck vehicles were also built. Many British bus operators bought substantial numbers of the vehicles and there were also a number built for export. The standard London double deck bus bought from 1970 to 1978 was the Daimler Fleetline. Daimler buses were fitted with proprietary diesel engines, the majority by the Gardner company, although there were a few Daimler diesels built in the 1950s, and the Leyland 680 was offered as an option on the Fleetline (designated CRL) after the merger with Leyland. The bus chassis were also fitted with bodywork built by various outside contractors, as standard in the British bus industry, so at a casual glance there is no real identifing feature of a Daimler bus apart from the badges. The last Daimler Fleetline was built at the traditional Daimler factory in Radford, Coventry, in 1973, after that date the remaining buses were built at the Leyland factory in Lancashire, the final couple of years of Fleetline production being badged as Leyland.<br />
<br />
===Jaguar (Under Ford ownership)===<br />
{{further|[[Premier Automotive Group]]}}<br />
In 1989 the [[Ford Motor Company]] took over Jaguar and with it the right to use the Daimler name. In 1992, Daimler stopped production of the DS420 Limousine, the only model that was not just a re-badged Jaguar. In 1996 Jaguar Cars produced a "Daimler Century" model to celebrate 100 years of motoring.<br />
<br />
The name Daimler continued to be used to determine top-line XJ Jaguars in every country except the USA, where the top XJ is known as the "XJ Vanden Plas" &mdash; the company may have feared that the American market would confuse Jaguar Daimler with [[DaimlerChrysler]].<br />
<br />
In 2002, with the arrival of the new Mark III XJ, the Daimler name (seen on the Mark II XJ as the "Daimler V8") ceased to be used to mark out the top models, with the "Jaguar Super V8" the new flagship model. However, the Daimler marque was brought back with the "Super Eight" model.<br />
<br />
Significant Daimler Models for that period include:<br />
<br />
* 1996 [[Daimler Century]] limited edition<br />
* 1996 [[Jaguar XJ#Daimler Corsica concept|Daimler Corsica]] concept car<br />
* 2002 Daimler Super V8 for HM [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|The Queen]]<br />
<br />
===Revival===<br />
In July 2005, after a three-year hiatus, a new Daimler, the Super Eight, was presented, with a 4.2&nbsp;L V8 supercharged engine which produces 291&nbsp;kW (400 bhp) and a torque rating of 533 Nm (395 ft·lbf) at 3500&nbsp;rpm. It is derived from the [[Jaguar XJ#Mark 3 - X350 (2003–present)|Jaguar X350]].<br />
*2005- [[Jaguar XJ#Mark 3 - X350 (2003–present)|Daimler Super Eight]]<br />
<br />
==Daimler in the media==<br />
* A Daimler Limousine was the [[Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon|Queen Mother’s]] favourite car, and &ndash; as befitted her position &ndash; was typically the car immediately following [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Her Majesty the Queen]]'s [[Rolls-Royce (car)|Rolls Royce]] during official events. <br />
* The Queen's own car for personal use is a 2002 Daimler V8 Supercharged (based on the Mark II XJ).<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Daimler-Benz]]<br />
* [[DaimlerChrysler]]<br />
* [[Premier Automotive Group]]<br />
* [[Wilhelm Maybach]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.daimlercars.com Daimler Cars official web site]<br />
* [http://www.daimler.co.uk/ Daimler (enthusiast page)]<br />
* [http://www.vandenplas.com/daimler/ vandenplas Daimler page]<br />
* [http://www.keycast.com/med/usr/312/eBrochure_UK_200506pdf718381.pdf Daimler Super Eight brochure]<br />
* [http://www.daimler-v8.co.uk/ Daimler (Daimler V8 250 enthusiast page)]<br />
* [http://www.jdht.com/ Jaguar Daimler Heritage Trust]<br />
* [http://www.vandenplas.com/daimler/dhist.htm Daimler Automobile History]<br />
* [http://www.myds420.info The Daimler DS420 Limousine]<br />
* [http://www.jec.org.uk/ Jaguar Enthusiasts Club]<br />
* [http://www.dlcentre.com/forum/default.asp Daimler and Lanchester Centre forum]<br />
<br />
{{Tata Motors}}<br />
{{British Leyland}}<br />
{{British Car Industry}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Tata Group]]<br />
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers of the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:Coventry motor companies]]<br />
[[Category:Bus manufacturers]]<br />
[[Category:Defunct bus manufacturers of the United Kingdom]]<br />
[[Category:Jaguar]]<br />
[[Category:Knight engine powered cars]]<br />
[[Category:Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers]]</div>82.7.25.213https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Plymouth_ValiantPlymouth Valiant2009-02-01T09:52:03Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[.{2}:[^:]+\]\] +)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Automobile<br />
| name = Plymouth Valiant<br />
| image = [[Image:Valiantname.JPG|250px|Valiant badge]]<br />
| manufacturer = [[Plymouth (automobile)|Plymouth]]<br />
| parent_company = [[Chrysler Corporation]]<br />
| production = 1960–1976<br />
| class = [[Compact car|Compact]]<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler A platform|A-body]]<br />
| layout = [[FR layout]]<br />
| successor = [[Plymouth Volare]]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Plymouth Valiant''' is an [[automobile]] manufactured by the [[Plymouth automobile|Plymouth]] division of [[Chrysler Corporation]] in the United States from 1960 to 1976. It was created to give the company an entry in the [[compact car]] market which was emerging in the late 1950s, and was eventually built and marketed worldwide including [[Australia]], [[Canada]], [[Mexico]], [[New Zealand]], [[South Africa]], [[Argentina]], [[Brazil]], [[Switzerland]], [[Sweden]], and other countries in [[South America]] and [[Western Europe]].<br />
<br />
''[[Road & Track]]'' magazine considered the Valiant to be "one of the best all-around domestic cars."<ref>'Mighty Mopars 1960-74" by Tony Young p. 16 ISBN 978-0879381240</ref><br />
<br />
==1960–1962==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = First generation<br />
| image = [[Image:HyperPak.JPG|250px|Modified 1962 Valiant with Hyper-Pak]]<br />
| production = 1960–1962<br />
| assembly = [[Detroit, Michigan]]<br>[[Hamtramck, Michigan]]<br>[[Los Angeles, California]]<br>[[Newark, Delaware]]<br>[[St. Louis, Missouri]]<br />
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]] (1960–62)<br>4-door 3-seat [[station wagon|wagon]] (1960–61)<br>4-door 2-seat [[station wagon|wagon]] (1960–62) <br>2-door [[coupe]] (1961–62)<br><br />
| engine = {{Auto CID|170}} ''[[Chrysler Slant-6 engine|LG Slant-6]]'' [[I6]]<br>{{Auto CID|225}} ''RG Slant-6'' I6<br />
| transmission = 3-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]<br>3-speed Torqueflite [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]<br />
| wheelbase = {{convert|106.5|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />
| weight = {{convert|2750|lb|kg|abbr=on}}<br />
| length = {{convert|183.7|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />
| width = {{convert|70.4|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />
| height = {{convert|53.3|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br />
| related = [[Dodge Lancer]]<br>[[Chrysler Valiant]]<br />
}}<br />
In May, 1957, Chrysler president Lester Lum "Tex" Colbert set up a committee to develop a competitor for the increasingly popular small imports. [[Virgil Exner]], Chrysler's chief stylist, designed a car that was smaller and lighter than a full-size car without sacrificing passenger and luggage space.<ref>[http://www.valiant.org/history.html The Strange Development Story of the Plymouth Valiant]</ref> The result was the '''Valiant''' which first appeared at the 44th [[International Motor Show]] in [[London]] on October 26, 1959.<ref>'"British to See Valiant First" by Ralph R. Watts, The Detroit News, October 21, 1959, p. 15'</ref> The Valiant was its own [[marque]] and advertised as the [[Valiant Automobile|Valiant by Chrysler Corp]] with the tagline 'Nobody's kid brother, this one stands on its own four tires.' Starting in 1961, the Valiant was marketed in the US as a [[Plymouth automobile|Plymouth]] model. The 1961-62 [[Dodge Lancer]] was essentially a [[badge engineering|rebadged]] Valiant with different trim and styling details.<br />
<br />
The Valiant was less radical in configuration than [[General Motors]]' compact [[Chevrolet Corvair]], which had an [[air-cooled]] rear-mounted engine, but was considered more daring than the also-new [[Ford Falcon (North America)|Ford Falcon]]. The Falcon was totally conventional, while the Valiant boasted a radical design that continued Exner's [[Forward Look]] styling with "sleek, crisp lines which flow forward in a dart or wedge shape."<ref name=Loofbourrow>'"The Valiant - A New Motoring Concept" by A.G. Loofbourrow, V.M. Exner & R.M. Sinclair, Chrysler Corp., Engineering Division, for presentation of the Society of Automotive Engineers Annual Meeting at The Sheraton-Cadillac Hotel, and Statler Hotel, Detroit, Michigan, January 11-15, 1960'</ref> The flush-sided appearance was a carried-over feature from Chrysler's [[Ghia]]-built '''D'Elegance''' and '''Adventurer''' [[concept car]]s which also gave the Valiant additional inches of interior room.<ref name=Loofbourrow/> With its semi-[[fastback]] and lengthy hood line, many automotive publications of the time thought the Valiant's styling was European inspired. While the Valiant was all new, specific design elements tied it to other contemporary Chrysler products. Features such as the canted [[tailfin]]s tipped with cat's-eye shaped [[Automotive lighting|tail lamps]] and the simulated spare tire pressing on the deck lid were thematically similar to those on the [[Imperial (automobile)|Imperial]] and the [[Chrysler 300 letter series#1960 300F|300F]]. According to Exner, the stamped wheel design was used not only to establish identity with other Chryslers, but to "dress up the rear deck area without detracting from the look of directed forward motion."<ref name=Loofbourrow/><br />
<br />
The Valiant also featured an all-new [[Straight-6|6-cylinder engine]], the famous [[Chrysler Slant 6 engine|Slant-6]], which had its inline cylinders canted 30° to one side. This allowed a lower hoodline, a shorter overall engine—the water pump was shifted laterally—and efficient, long-branch individual-runner intake and exhaust manifolds that benefited from Chrysler's pioneering work in tuned intakes. The [[cast-iron]] block Slant-6 gained a reputation for dependability as it was initially engineered as an [[aluminum]] block engine with a robust casing to make durable the less-dense but lightweight metal. Over 50,000 [[die-cast]] aluminum versions of the {{Auto CID|225}} engine were produced between late 1961 and early 1963.<br />
[[Image:Valiantmanifold.jpg|thumb|left|A sand-cast aluminium intake manifold from a 1960 Valiant 170 engine installed on a 1970s 225]] In fact, the 1960 Valiant exemplified Chrysler Engineering's leadership in aluminum die casting. While the aluminum Slant-6 engine block wouldn't make it to production until 1961, the [[Kokomo, Indiana]] foundry produced a number of aluminum parts for the 1960 Valiant and was instrumental in reducing the total weight of the car. The 1960 model contained as much as {{convert|60|lb|abbr=on}} of aluminum in structural and decorative forms, with the majority of the material used in cast form as chassis parts.<ref name="TSB_11_59">''Aluminum Saves Weight in the Valiant'' (Product Information Bulletin, Chrysler Corp., Engineering Division, Technical Information Sevices, November, 1959)</ref> These parts included the oil pump, water pump, [[alternator (auto)|alternator]] housing, Hyper-Pak (see below) and standard production intake manifolds, [[Torqueflite]] A-904 [[automatic transmission]] and torque converter housing and extension, and numerous other small parts. These cast-aluminum parts were roughly 60% lighter than corresponding parts of cast iron.<ref name="TSB_11_59"/> A cast aluminum part had the benefit of reduced section thickness where strength was not a vital consideration. Section thickness of cast-iron parts were often dictated by casting practice, which required at least 0.1875in to ensure good castings.<ref name="TSB_11_59"/> Exterior decorative parts stamped from aluminum were lighter than similar chromium plated zinc castings. The entire grille and surrounding molding on the Valiant weighed only {{convert|3|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name="TSB_11_59"/> If this same assembly had been made of die-cast zinc, as many grilles of the era were, it would have weighed an estimated {{convert|13|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name="TSB_11_59"/> An estimated {{convert|102|lb|abbr=on}} - about 4% of a Valiant's total shipping weight - was saved with the {{convert|60|lb|abbr=on}} of aluminum parts.<ref name="TSB_11_59"/><br />
<br />
The Valiant [[Chrysler A platform|A-body]] platform utilized "unit-body" or "[[unibody]]" construction (not used by the Chrysler Corporation since the [[Chrysler Airflow|Airflow]] models of the 1930s) rather than "[[body-on-frame]]" construction. Instead of a bolted-in forestructure used in other unibody designs, the Valiant incorporated a welded-in front understructure and stressed front sheet metal. The fenders, quarter panels, floor and roof contributed to the high bending and over-all stiffness of the body shell. A unit wheelbase comparison showed the Valiant to be 95% stiffer in torsion and 50% stiffer in beam than a 1959 Plymouth with separate body-on-frame construction. Dynamic testing showed that high structural resonant frequencies were attained, indicating greater damping and, therefore, reduced body shake.<ref name=Loofbourrow/><br />
<br />
The front suspension consisted of unequal length control arms with [[torsion beam suspension|torsion bars]], while the rear suspension used a live axle supported by [[leaf springs]]. Chrysler used this design through the entire production life of the Valiant and other A-body models, with revisions to the suspension components themselves for the 1962, 1967, 1968, and 1973 models.<br />
<br />
===Hyper-Pak===<br />
[[Image:Hyperpak.jpg|thumb|left|An all-aluminum Slant-6 engine with reproduction Hyper-Pak intake manifold]]<br />
Plymouth product planning director Jack Charipar gave impetus for a stock car racing version of the Valiant,<ref>Weertman, Willem (2008). Chrysler Engines 1922-1998. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 419. ISBN 9780768016420</ref> and while Chrysler engineers developed the '''[[Chrysler Slant-6 engine#Hyper Pak|Hyper-Pak]]''' for the track, the Hyper-Pak dealer tuning kit option was made available in limited quantities on December 1, 1959. Features included {{Auto lb·ft|153|1}} of torque, a 10.5:1 compression ratio, dual exhaust pipes on a single muffler, a manual choke and a larger 15 gallon (56.76 litre) fuel tank.<ref>'"Up Goes Valiant-Junior HP Race On?" by Fred Olmsted, The Detroit Free Press, January 21, 1960, p. 18'</ref> Dick Maxwell, a Chrysler engineer responsible for many of the Super Stock [[Mopar]]s, recalls that "When [[NASCAR]] decided to run a compact road race in conjunction with the 1960 [[Daytona 500]], all the factories got involved. We built a fleet of seven Hyper Pak Valiants with 148-[[horsepower|hp]] 170-[[cubic inch|ci]] [Slant] sixes having a single four-barrel with ram manifold." The race Hyper-Paks also featured high-load valve springs and long-duration, high-lift camshafts.<br />
<br />
NASCAR's new Compact Car category debuted at the [[Daytona International Speedway]] on January 31, 1960. The first of two races was a road course, which used a 1.5 mile (2.4 km) portion of the high-banked [[tri-oval]] together with an twisting infield road for a lap distance of 3.81 miles (6.13 km). The race length was 10 laps, 38.1 miles (61.3 km). Averaging a speed of 88.134 mph (141.838 km/h),<ref name = smashup>'"Valiants Survive a 4-Car Smashup, Win at Daytona," The Detroit Free Press, February 1, 1960, p. 26'</ref> [[Marvin Panch]] drove his Hyper-Pak into first place; all the Hyper-Paks swept the field taking the first seven places. The second race of the day used only the tri-oval track 20 laps on its full 2.5 mile (4.02 km) length totaling 50 miles (80.4672 km). A multi-car accident on the fourth lap took out the four Valiant leaders including one driven by [[Richard Petty]]. Panch was not among them because car trouble delayed his start and he was busy passing slower cars from the rear of the field when the leaders crashed. After a restart, Panch worked to first place and stayed there averaging a speed of 122.282 mph (196.794 km/h).<ref name = smashup/> The remaining Valiants placed 1-2-3 and Panch again went into the winner's circle. Maxwell again recalls that "It was a Plymouth runway. We finished first through seventh. Our cars were so fast, NASCAR never did that race again."<ref name="Young">{{cite book<br />
| last = Young<br />
| first = Tony<br />
| authorlink = <br />
| coauthors = <br />
| title = Mighty Mopars 1960-1974<br />
| publisher = Motorbooks International<br />
| year = 1984<br />
| location = <br />
| pages = 25<br />
| url = <br />
| doi = <br />
| id = <br />
| isbn = 978-0879381240}}</ref><br />
<br />
===Design and mechanical revisions===<br />
The first-generation Valiants, though sold in three model years, existed in ''four'' distinct configurations: early 1960, late 1960, 1961, and 1962. The base-model '''V100''' cars received relatively minimal ornamentation.<br />
<br />
====1960====<br />
[[Image:Valiantdecklid.jpg|thumb|right|1960 deck lid with the spare-tire stamping]]<br />
Early 1960 models, particularly the '''V200''' highline cars, featured extensive brightwork and ornamentation. An 8" [[chrome plating|chrome]] spear atop each front fender, an ''inner'' reveal ring on the deck lid's spare tire stamping, a "V200" nameplate on the dashboard, and [[stainless steel]] windshield and backlight reveal mouldings were deleted from production — the latter replaced with less costly flexible [[mylar]]-faced plastic locking strips — in approximately January, 1960.<ref>Chrysler Corporation: 'Valiant Master Parts Catalogue, 1960-1963'</ref> Early and late V200s had a continuous stainless steel moulding following the tailfin crease as it swept down in front of the rear wheel, then continuing forward along the lower break line in both doors and the front fender. The radiator grille was brite-dipped stamped aluminum, and a central grille badge doubled as the hood release. Script "Valiant" callouts were placed in the centre of the deck lid's spare-tire stamping and on each front fender.<br />
<br />
During the 1960 model year, there were also mechanical revisions to improve lubrication of the two rear [[connecting rods]], [[voltage regulator]] function, cold starting and idling, acceleration, and to prevent breakage of the front and rear manifold mounting studs.<ref>Chrysler Corporation: '1960 Valiant Technical Service Bulletins'</ref><br />
<br />
The four-door station wagon, assembled only at the Dodge Main plant in Hamtramck,<ref name = lowest_price>"Valiant Wagon Lowest Priced" by Ralph R. Watts, The Detroit News, November 6, 1959, p. 17</ref> was available in the V100 and V200 Valiant in both two-seat and three-seat models (the third seat in the three-seat model faced the rear). Both models were the lowest priced four-door station wagons in America.<ref name = lowest_price/> The two-seat model was $60 under both the four-door [[Studebaker Lark|Lark]] and [[American Rambler|Rambler]] station wagons and the three-seater was $186 below the Rambler four-door.<ref name = lowest_price/> The Valiant station wagons had 72.3 cubic feet (22.037 cubic meters) of cargo space yet required two less feet of space than a full-size Plymouth.<ref name = lowest_price/> A locking luggage compartment on the two-seat models included the use of ''Captive-Aire'' tires. The compartmet, located in the cargo deck, doubled as a spare tire storage space for models equipped with standard tires in which case the lock was optional. Captive-Aire tires, which did not require a spare, were standard equipment on the three-seat models. An optional aluminum tail gate window screen was useful for the exclusion of insects when on vacation and camping trips.<br />
<br />
====1961====<br />
[[Image:Valiantcat.jpg|thumb|left|1960-61 [[Automotive lighting|tail lamp]] with reversing lamp]]<br />
For 1961, new 2-door models were released, but no changes were made to the 4-door sedan and wagon sheetmetal. The interior and exterior trim, particularly on the V200, were changed to provide ''model year identification'', a mild form of [[Planned obsolescence#Style obsolescence|planned obsolescence]]. The 1960 radiator grille stamping was carried over, but for 1961 it was painted with a pattern of black squares. The central grille ornament was still pulled from the bottom to release the hood, but it was now faced with an emblem having a white field with the blue-and-red stylized "V" Valiant logo, rather than 1960's red field with gold script "Valiant" callout. The side trim was changed; a 10" stainless spear was placed at the rear of each tailfin crease, a [[hockey stick]]-shaped trim was applied to the lower break line, and the front fender/door crease was capped with a long stainless spear. The tailfins were each topped with three [[transverse plane|transverse]] chrome strips, and a large horizontal emblem containing a round plastic "V200" callout was centred in the deck lid's spare-tire stamping. Matching round "V200" callouts were placed in round housings at the midpoint of the front fender spears. Inside the car, the instrument cluster was largely carried over, but 1960's black gauges with white callouts gave way to 1961's white gauges with black callouts.<br />
<br />
Mechanical revisions for 1961 included new carburetors, the availability of [[PCV valve|positive crankcase ventilation]] (which was newly mandated on cars sold in [[California]]), the availability of dealer-installed [[air conditioning]], the relocation of the alternator from the left to the right side of the engine, and extensive revisions throughout most of the Valiant's systems and components.<ref>Chrysler Corporation: '1961 Valiant Technical Service Bulletins'</ref> Late in the 1961 model year, the larger {{Auto CID|225}} Slant-6 engine became available in the Valiant, its use having been expanded earlier in the year from the larger Dodges and Plymouths to the Valiant-sized Dodge Lancer.<br />
<br />
====1962====<br />
The 1962 model year saw an extensive [[facelift (product)|facelift]]. The radiator grille was flattened and made shorter. The hood release was moved to a knob at the top of the grille frame. The central grille emblem was deleted, except on the top-line '''Signet 200''' 2-door hardtop model, which received a black-painted grille with a round central emblem incorporating the red-and-blue stylized "V" Valiant emblem. The Signet 200 had pleated, leather-like bucket seats, custom tailored interior trim, deep-pile carpeting, special trunk lid emblem, different headlamp frames and special side moldings; it was America's lowest-priced hardtop with bucket seats.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Valianttail.jpg|thumb|right|1962 tail lamp]]<br />
Fender and hood stampings were similar to the 1960-'61 items, but neither identical nor interchangeable. At the rear, the cat's-eye tail lamps were deleted. A wraparound stainless trim was applied to the tailfins, below which were placed round tail lamps set into stamped aluminum bezels. These occupied the space formerly available for optional reversing lamps, which for 1962 flanked the license plate below the rear bumper. The spare-tire stamping was eliminated from the deck lid, which was now a smooth stamping with a small central ridge at its trailing edge. On V200 deck lids, a large round emblem surrounded an oblong block-letter "VALIANT" callout on a black field. Similar block-letter/black-field callouts were placed on each front fender. On the Signet, the deck lid was adorned with a smaller round emblem surrounding the red-and-blue stylised-V Valiant logo.<br />
<br />
V200 side trim reverted to the 1960 concept, following the tailfin crease and lower body break crease. However, the 1962 trim was more massive and contained an oblong triple-window effect at the rear of the body break crease. On Signets, the front fenders had an open-centred double spear, connected at the front and back, within which was contained a secondary body paint colour.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Valiantcluster.jpg|thumb|left|1962 instrument cluster, with transmission control pushbuttons on the left]]<br />
The 1962 Valiant was given a completely new instrument cluster. Like that of the larger 1962 Plymouth models, the new Valiant cluster was highly regarded for its clean design and easy legibility. A large round [[speedometer]] was placed at the left of the cluster, with separate round gauges for fuel level, engine temperature, and charging system condition ([[amperes]]) in a row to the right of the speedometer. Automatic transmission pushbuttons were in a column at the left edge of the panel, and heater pushbuttons were in a column at the right edge. A new shallower-dish steering wheel was also introduced.<br />
<br />
Mechanical revisions for 1962 were extensive. The electrical system was extensively upgraded, with a new [[Automobile self starter|starter]], new alternator, more fuses, and [[printed circuit boards]] rather than individual wires for the instrument cluster. Carburetors were improved again, the [[manual transmission]] gearshift was moved from the floor to the steering column, there were new 45°-shear engine mounts replacing the previous vertical-shear items, exhaust systems were made of more [[corrosion]]-resistant materials, and axle ratios were altered for better [[fuel economy]]. Manual steering ratio was changed from 20:1 to 24:1, and both power and manual steering gearboxes were new, the latter now housed in aluminum rather than iron. Most of the front suspension components were redesigned, and it was claimed they needed lubrication only every {{convert|32000|mi|km}}.<ref>Chrysler Corporation: '1962 (S-series) Valiant'</ref><br />
<br />
In October 1961, the [[Society of Illustrators]] presented Exner the 1962 styling award for outstanding design of the 1962 Signet 200. The citation lauded Exner's "creative sculpted design" and said the Valiant model was "an automobile of outstanding originality, restraint and spirited beauty."<ref>'"Valiant Gets Styling Award" by Fred Olmsted, The Detroit Free Press, October 18, 1961, P.16'</ref><br />
<br />
==1963–1966==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Second generation<br />
| image = [[Image:PlymouthValient100BlackFront.jpg|250px|1965 Valiant V100]]<br />
| production = 1963–1966<br />
| assembly = [[Detroit, Michigan]]<Br>[[Hamtramck, Michigan]]<br>[[Los Angeles, California]]<Br>[[Newark, Delaware]]<br>[[St. Louis, Missouri]]<br>[[Windsor, Ontario]]<br />
| body_style = 2-door [[convertible]]<br>2-door [[hardtop]]<br>4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]]<br>4-door 2-seat [[station wagon|wagon]]<br />
| engine = {{Auto CID|170}} ''[[Chrysler Slant-6 engine|LG Slant-6]]'' [[I6]]<br>{{Auto CID|225}} ''RG Slant-6'' I6<br>{{Auto CID|273}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine|LA]]'' [[V8]]<br />
| wheelbase = {{Auto mm|2692|1}}<br />
| related = [[Dodge Dart]]<br>[[Plymouth Barracuda]]<br>[[Chrysler Valiant]]<br />
}}<br />
[[Image:1963 Plymouth Valiant.jpg|thumb|left|1963 Valiant]]<br />
The Valiant was totally reskinned for 1963 with a {{convert|1/2|in|mm|abbr=on}} shorter wheelbase; it had a wide, flat hood and a flat square rear deck. The upper belt feature line ran from the rear body, in a gentle sweep, to the front fender tip. Here it was 'veed' back and down to the trailing edge of the front fender. The roofline was flatter and sharpened in profile. The grille was a variation of the inverted trapezoid shape that characterized contemporary Chryslers, with a fine mesh insert. Advances in body structure, many accessories and a new spring-staged choke were promotional highlights. The Valiant was offered as a 2-door [[coupe]] or [[hardtop]], a 4-door [[Sedan (car)|sedan]] and a [[station wagon]]. The hardtop and the [[convertible]], with manual- or optional power-operated top, were offered only in the high V200 and premium Signet trim levels. The optional {{Auto CID|225}} slant-6 engine was initially offered with the die-cast aluminium block introduced in late 1961, but early in the 1963 model year the aluminum block was discontinued; both the 170 and 225 engines were thenceforth available only with iron blocks. In December 1962, Plymouth's first-ever vinyl-covered roof became available as an option on the Signet. The 1963 Valiant was much better received by the public, and sales for the year rose to 225,056.<ref>[http://www.allpar.com/history/plymouth/1964.html Best of the carryovers: Plymouth for 1964]</ref><ref>[http://www.valiant.org/chron.html Year by year history of the Plymouth Valiant]</ref><br />
<br />
Building on a worldwide record sales success in 1963, the Valiant moved into 1964 with design changes giving better economy, reliability and performance. Changes in the 1964 Valiant included a restyled front end featuring a new grille with a horizontal bars. A "Valiant" medallion was placed at the center of the grille where the bars formed a flat buldge. Vertical [[taillamps]] replaced the previous horizontal items. The ring-style rear deck decoration was replaced with a Valiant script located at the right-hand corner. There were few styling changes in the 1965 Valiants, but the 1966 Valiants had a split grille with fine-patterned insert; new front fenders; new rear fenders on the sedans; new bevelled-edge rear reck lid; heavier rear bumper; and a new roofline with large backlight.<br />
<br />
The new Chrysler-built A833 four-speed manual transmission was offered together with a [[Hurst Performance|Hurst]] shifter. Another new option was the ''Sure-Grip'' [[limited slip differential]], which was touted as a bad-weather safety feature and also offered traction benefits in performance driving.<br />
<br />
The Valiant was extremely popular in the US, Canada, and numerous markets outside North America. Plymouth supported a successful team of Valiant two-door sedans in the 1965 and 1966 [[SCCA]] Manufacturers Rally Championships.<ref>'"The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile Vol. 2 M-Z," multiple editors, p.1240, ISBN 1-57958-293-1'</ref><br />
<br />
===V8 engine===<br />
In mid-year 1964, Chrysler released an all-new {{Auto CID|273}} [[V8 engine]] as optional equipment in all Valiants. This compact V8 engine, the first in Chrysler's [[Chrysler LA engine|LA engine range]] that would last until 2002, was specifically engineered to fit in the compact A-body engine compartment. Valiants with the optional 273 engine came with V-shaped emblems at the sides of the cowl. With the {{Auto bhp|180|1}} 273, the Valiant became the lowest-priced V-8 automobile in the world. For 1965, a hotter {{Auto bhp|235|1}} version of the 273 called the '''Commando 273''' was made available with 10.5:1 compression, a {{convert|4|oilbbl|m3|sing=on}} carburetor, solid [[tappet]]s and other modifications.<br />
<br />
The Dodge Lancer, which had been almost identical to the Valiants of 1961–62, was replaced in 1963 by the '''[[Dodge Dart|Dart]]'''. The Dart was available in all the same body styles as the Valiant, except there was no Dodge equivalent of the Barracuda. All Darts used a larger, {{Convert|111|in|mm|abbr=on}} wheelbase, except for wagons which used the Valiant's {{convert|106|in|mm|abbr=on}} wheelbase.<br />
<br />
==1967–1973==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Third generation<br />
| image = [[Image:Plymouth Valiant 1970.jpg|250px|1970 Valiant sedan]]<br />
| production = 1967–1973<br />
| assembly = [[Belvidere, Illinois]]<br>[[Detroit, Michigan]]<Br>[[Hamtramck, Michigan]]<br>[[Los Angeles, California]]<Br>[[Newark, Delaware]]<br>[[St. Louis, Missouri]]<br>[[Windsor, Ontario]]<br />
| wheelbase = {{Auto mm|2743|1}}<br>Scamp: {{Auto in|110.0|0}}<br />
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]] (1967–73)<br> 2-door [[coupe]] (1967–69)<br>2-door [[hardtop]] (1971–73)<br />
| engine = {{Auto CID|170}} ''[[Chrysler Slant-6 engine|LG Slant-6]]'' I6<br>{{Auto CID|198}} ''RG Slant-6'' I6<br>{{Auto CID|225}} ''RG Slant-6'' I6<br>{{Auto CID|273}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine|LA]]'' [[V8 engine|V8]]<br>{{Auto CID|318}} ''LA'' V8<br>{{Auto CID|340}} ''LA'' V8<br />
| related = [[Dodge Dart]]<br>[[Dodge Demon]]<br>[[Plymouth Barracuda]]<br>[[Plymouth Duster]]<br>[[Chrysler Valiant]]<br>[[Valiant Charger]]<br />
}}<br />
[[Image:Plymouth-Valiant.jpg|thumb|left|1969 Valiant Signet]]<br />
The Valiant was completely redesigned for 1967 model year and the station wagons were dropped. The model range included 2-door [[coupe]] and 4-door [[Sedan (car)|sedans]] on a newly-lengthened {{convert|108|in|mm|abbr=on}} wheelbase. The design was straightforward and rectilinear. The body sides were mildly sculptured with a tapering lower feature line that widened toward the wheels. The new fenders had a vertical slab look. The grille was vertically split and subdivided horizontally. Vertical [[Automotive lighting|taillights]] were segmented and had a fanned-out look. Horsepower rating for the {{Auto CID|170}} Slant-6 engine was raised from {{Auto bhp|101|1}} to {{Auto bhp|115|1}} by installation of the slightly bigger camshaft introduced on the 225 in 1965, together with Carter BBS and Holley 1920 [[carburetor]]s using the larger {{convert|1.6875|in|mm|abbr=on}} throttle bore previously reserved for the 225, rather than the smaller {{convert|1.5625|in|mm|abbr=on}} carburetors formerly used on the 170 engine.<br />
<br />
For the 1968 model, the horizontal division bar was removed from the grille. A fine cross hatched insert was framed by a segmented chrome surround. Model nameplates were moved from the rear fender to the front fender. The {{Auto CID|318}}, {{Auto bhp|230|1}} V8 was a Valiant option for the first time.<br />
<br />
For 1969, a new one-piece, full-width grille, new tailights and trim were featured. Standard engines were unchanged, although refinements in the Chrysler '''Clean Air System''' (formerly '''Clean Air Package''') produced better operating economy from the 6-cylinder engines. Improved brake adjusters, a more efficient power steering pump, and improvements to the optional Sure-Grip differential were also highlighted.<br />
<br />
For 1970, the Valiant was carried over with detail changes, including a new black plastic grille sculptured differently from 1969's metal item. The central portion protruded flush with the forward edge of the hood, while the remainder of the grille was set back from the front plane. For all except export Valiants, the base 170 engine was replaced by a new {{Auto CID|198}} version of the Slant-6. The 198 gave better performance than the 170, and was less costly to make, since it used the same cylinder block as the 225. The Valiant was virtually unchanged for 1971; small revisions included removal of the center grille emblem and a new kind of finish treatment on the grille surround. It now had a blacked-out look instead of the previous argent silver treatment. For the 1970 and 1971 models, exterior and interior trim were slightly revised, and there were engineering changes for better driveability, improved soundproofing and decreased [[Automobile emissions control|emissions]], the latter in compliance with regulations mandated by the newly-created [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) implementing new devices such as an [[EGR valve]] and an [[activated charcoal]] filter. The 1971 Valiant eventually set sales records with 256,930 calendar year deliveries,<ref>['The Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946-1975, 4th Edition' Edited by Ron Kowalke P. 681 ISBN 0-87341-521-3]</ref> so there was little motivation to change it for 1972. Only details of the taillights and grille were altered for the 1972 Valiants. New surface-mount sidemarker lamp-reflector units replaced the more costly previous flush-mount items.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Plymouth Valiant Scamp (Rigaud).JPG|thumb|left|Valiant Scamp]] <br />
<br />
Beginning in 1971, a badge-engineered version of the {{Convert|111|in|mm|abbr=on}} wheelbase [[Dodge Dart#1970–1976|Dodge Dart Swinger]] called the '''Valiant Scamp''' was offered. This used the Dart Swinger 2-door hardtop body shell with Valiant front sheetmetal and dual taillamps carried over from the 1970 Dodge Dart.<br />
<br />
For 1973, the vent wing windows were deleted from the ''Scamp'', and all models were given a new grille and front bumpers able to withstand damage at a {{convert|5|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} impact, as well as steel beams inside the doors to protect vehicle occupants in side-impact collisions as mandated by [[National Highway Traffic Safety Administration|NHTSA]]. The door beams, the new bumpers and their impact-absorbing mounts, a rubber-booted telescoping system attached to the car's structure, added mass to the Valiant. At the same time, engines were being progressively detuned to comply with increasingly-stringent emissions regulations. Performance and economy suffered as a result.<br />
<br />
Through the early 1970s, the Valiant took more than 40% of Plymouth's total sales volume.<ref><br />
{{cite book<br />
| last = Flory<br />
| first = J. Kelly<br />
| authorlink = <br />
| coauthors = <br />
| title = American Cars, 1960-1972: Every Model, Year by Year<br />
| publisher = McFarland & Company<br />
| year = 2004<br />
| location = <br />
| pages = 924<br />
| url = <br />
| doi = <br />
| id = <br />
| isbn = 978-0786412730}}</ref> These models also had considerable success in foreign markets. Worldwide, Chrysler affiliates and subsidiaries sold American- or Canadian-made Valiants from [[complete knock down]] kits, as well as locally-designed and engineered Valiants and Valiant-based vehicles incorporating a mix of North American and local design and components.<br />
<br />
==1974–1976==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Fourth generation<br />
| image = [[Image:74valiantsedan.JPG|250px|1974 Valiant]]<br />
| production = 1974–1976<br />
| assembly = [[Belvidere, Illinois]]<Br>[[Detroit, Michigan]]<Br>[[Hamtramck, Michigan]]<Br>[[Newark, Delaware]]<br>[[St. Louis, Missouri]]<br>[[Windsor, Ontario]]<br />
| body_style = 2-door [[hardtop]]<br>4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]]<br />
| engine = {{Auto CID|198}} ''[[Chrysler Slant-6 engine|RG Slant-6]]'' [[I6]]<br>{{Auto CID|225}} ''RG Slant-6'' I6<br>{{Auto CID|318}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine|LA]]'' [[V8]]<br>{{Auto CID|340}} ''LA'' V8<br>{{Auto CID|360}} ''LA'' V8<br />
| wheelbase = {{Auto mm|2819|1}}<br />
| related = [[Dodge Dart]]<br>[[Plymouth Duster]]<br>[[Chrysler Valiant]]<br>[[Valiant Charger]]<br />
}}<br />
[[Image:1974plymouthvaliantpolicecar.jpg|thumb|left|1974 Swedish police Valiant with [[Headlamp|headlight]] bezels removed to clear added headlight wipers]]<br />
In 1974, the 108" wheelbase variant of the A-body sedan was dropped, and the Valiant sedan became a rebadged Dart. The larger size resulted in thicker C-pillars and new rear fender contours. Thenceforth, the only differences between the Valiant and Dart were minor cosmetics. The 1973 Valiant grille and front sheetmetal were retained for 1974, but the front bumper's rubber guards were chromed. The US Federal {{convert|5|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} bumper standards were applied to rear bumpers for the 1974 models, adding even more weight to the Valiant.<br />
<br />
1974 introduced the '''Valiant Brougham''' and its twin, the '''Dodge Dart Special Edition'''. Available in two- or four-door models, they were a compact luxury car meant as an attractive alternative to larger luxury cars following the [[1973 oil crisis]]. The Brougham had generous chrome trim, a vinyl top, deep cut-pile carpeting, velour cloth upholstery, interior door padding, color-keyed or simulated wire wheel covers, and a special selection of paint and trim combinations. Much of the optional equipment on a regular Valiant became standard equipment on Brougham models such as [[power steering]], power disc brakes, air conditioning, [[cruise control]], electric rear window defroster and an AM/FM radio.<br />
<br />
With a slightly restyled grille, 1975 models were essentially carry-overs from 1974 except that California and certain high-altitude models received [[catalytic converter]]s and required [[unleaded gasoline]]. The 1975 Valiants had several new items available to buyers with increasing interest in fuel economy. These included radial tires and a "Fuel Pacer" system that lit a warning light to tell the driver he was driving uneconomically, as well as Chrysler's A833OD 4-speed manual transmission, the first 4-speed Chrysler had offered with a 6-cylinder engine in the North American market since 1965. There were new {{convert|50000|mi|km|sing=on}} spark plugs{{Fact|date=March 2008}} and batteries and a 'Clincher' warranty that covered everything on the car except trim for 12 months with no milage restrictions.<br />
<br />
1976 models were virtually identical to 1975s; amber rather than clear front [[Automotive lighting|park/turn signal lights]] were used, and the parking brake pull-handle was changed to a foot pedal. More variants received catalytic converters and required unleaded fuel.<br />
<br />
===A38 police package===<br />
In 1976, the Valiant was available as a Code A38 police package car and offered in three basic engine sizes: E24 (California emission standards) and E25 (Federal) 225 ci {{convert|1|oilbbl|m3|abbr=on}} Slant-6; E44 318 ci, {{convert|2|oilbbl|m3|abbr=on}} V-8; E58 360 ci, {{convert|4|oilbbl|m3|abbr=on}} V-8 with single (California) or dual (Federal) exhaust. It was the E58 that Chrysler recommended for police service as it was the only one with "added endurance features to improve durability." The E58 produced 175 net hp in California trim and 220 net hp in Federal form. The E58 dual exhaust engine made for a very fast Valiant squad car. So equipped, this compact Chrysler cop car tripped the quarter-mile lights in 16.4 seconds with trap speeds of {{convert|84.6|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} and could catch nearly all the so-called "performance cars" of the day.<ref name=Sanow><br />
{{cite book<br />
| last = Sanow<br />
| first = Edwin J.<br />
| authorlink = <br />
| coauthors = John L. Bellah<br />
| title = Dodge, Plymouth & Chrysler Police Cars 1956-1978<br />
| publisher = Motorbooks International<br />
| year = 1994<br />
| location = <br />
| pages = 150<br />
| url = <br />
| doi = <br />
| id = <br />
| isbn = 978-0879389581}}</ref> The [[Seattle Police Department]] using the Valiant A38 reported a 46 percent drop in the preventable accident rate among police officers,<ref name=Sanow/> and according to a ''Motor Trend'' police survey, the A38 Valiant had much better evasive capabilities, better overall visibility, and was generally easier to drive than the full-size squad cars.<ref name=Sanow/> A special handling package applied to the A38 Valiant included front and rear antisway bars. Unfortunately, the Valiant wasn't physically durable enough;<ref name=Sanow/> it lacked additional frame welds and rear cross-member reinforcements standard on all other Mopar A38 packages. More importantly, the front K-frame of the Valiant was prone to failure under severe police use.<ref name=Sanow/><br />
<br />
Also in 1976, the [[Plymouth Volare|Plymouth Volaré]] and [[Dodge Aspen]] [[Chrysler F platform|F-body]] cars were introduced mid-year replacing the Valiant and Dart, respectively. Unfortunately, the F-body cars did not maintain their predecessors' reputation for quality and durability; in fact, they reversed it. The change hurt Chrysler's reputation and profitability, contributing to its near-bankruptcy in 1979-80.<br />
<br />
==Derivative models==<br />
===Barracuda===<br />
{{main|Plymouth Barracuda}}<br />
Automotive trends in the early middle 1960s had all the US automakers looking at making compact sporty cars. The Valiant was a natural choice of basis for Chrysler's efforts in this direction.<ref name="Young, p. 33">''Young'', p. 33</ref> Ford's [[Ford Mustang|Mustang]] gave this type of vehicle its common "[[pony car]]" moniker, but in fact Chrysler beat Ford to market by two weeks<ref>[http://www.allpar.com/model/cuda.html Plymouth Barracuda @ Allpar]</ref> with the April 1, 1964 release of the '''Barracuda''' [[fastback]]. The Barracuda used the Valiant's {{Convert|106|in|mm|abbr=on}} wheelbase and the Valiant hood, headlamp bezels, windshield, vent windows, quarter panels and bumpers; all other sheetmetal and glass was new. This hybrid design approach significantly reduced the development and tooling cost and time for the new model. Unfortunately, the Barracuda was as similar to the Valiant as the Mustang was different from the Falcon, and its introduction was, at first, barely noticed by most buyers.<ref>''Flory'', p. 319</ref><br />
[[Image:Cudawindow.JPG|thumb|left|1965 Barracuda backlight and fish badge]]<br />
The fastback body shape was achieved primarily with an enormous rear window, or backlight, which wrapped down to the fenderline. [[Pittsburgh Plate Glass]] (PPG) collaborated with Chrysler designers in producing this {{convert|14.4|ft2|m2|abbr=on}} rear window, the largest ever installed on a standard production car up to that time.<ref name="Young, p. 33"/> The following year, the fenders and taillamps that had been introduced on the 1964 Barracuda were used on the whole 1965 Valiant range except for the wagon, which got different taillamps.<br />
<br />
The second-generation Barracuda, though still a {{convert|108|in|mm|abbr=on}} wheelbase A-body sharing many components with the Valiant, was given Barracuda-specific styling and its own range of models including convertibles and fastback and [[notchback]] hardtops.<br />
<br />
Although the first and second generation Barracudas were heavily based on the contemporary Valiants, Plymouth wanted them perceived as a distinct models. Consequently, the "Valiant" chrome script that appeared on the 1964 model's trunk lid was deleted on the 1965 model in the US market. For 1966, the stylized red-and-blue Valiant "V" emblems were replaced on the Barracuda with a model-specific stylized fish logo. For 1967, the new 4-bbl 383 ci V-8 with {{convert|280|hp|abbr=on}} was optional only in the '''Formula S''' which boosted the Barracuda's performance with 0-60 mph in 7.4 seconds and the quarter mile covered in 15.9 seconds.<ref>''Young'', p. 41</ref> In other markets such as Canada and South Africa, where Valiant was a marque in its own right, the car remained known as ''Valiant Barracuda'' until the A-body Barracuda was discontinued after 1969.<br />
<br />
For 1970, the Barracuda lost all commonality with the Valiant as an all-new [[Chrysler E platform|E-body]] Barracuda was produced.<br />
<br />
===Duster===<br />
{{main|Plymouth Duster}}<br />
<br />
Plymouth introduced a sporty new model for 1970: the 2-door [[fastback]] '''Plymouth Valiant Duster'''. The same technique that spawned the 1964 Barracuda was employed for the Duster. It was designed to use the same front end sheetmetal, [[powertrain|running gear]], and {{convert|108|in|mm|sing=on}} wheelbase as the Valiant, but Plymouth's stylists gave the car an entirely new look by using a modified fastback configuration with radically-curved side glass having only half the curvature radius of conventional side glass. Though the {{Auto CID|340}} V8 engine with 10.5:1 compression, {{Auto bhp|275|1}} and {{Auto lb·ft|340|1}} of torque had been available for special order in Valiants and Barracudas since 1968, the 340 was offered as a regular production option in the '''Duster 340''', Plymouth's analogue to the '''Dodge Demon 340''' and the '''Dodge Dart Swinger 340'''. The Duster was an immediate hit as a sporty alternative to the now larger and more expensive Barracuda.<ref>''Flory'', p. 771</ref><br />
<br />
[[Image:Dusterback.jpg|thumb|right|1970 Duster 340 with logo]]<br />
An aggressive "shark tooth" grille was offered on the fastback Duster 340 and new-for-1971 '''Duster Twister''' models. The Twister was a "performance [[appearance package]]" produced in response to increasing premiums on muscle cars, many of which were calculated using the vehicle's [[power-to-weight ratio]] as an [[actuarial]] gauge. Despite the "dust whirl" side stripes and Twister decals, Rallye road wheels, dual racing mirrors, twin hood scoops, flat-black hood paint with strobe stripes, and plaid cloth-and-vinyl trim interior available in four colors, the biggest engine available was the {{Auto CID|318}} V8.<br />
<br />
Chrysler increased the displacement of its highest-performance small block V-8 engine from {{Auto CID|340}} to {{Auto CID|360}} for 1974. The 360 was rated at {{convert|245|hp|abbr=on}} and placed in the '''Duster 360'''. However, the 1974 Duster was nearly 150 pounds heavier than the 1971 model<ref>''Young'', p. 159</ref> on account of the heavier bumpers, side-impact door beams, emission control equipment, and added soundproofing. Even with performance options such as the four-speed manual transmission, Hurst shifter and Sure-Grip differential with 3.55:1 axle ratio, 0-60 mph and quarter-mile times increased roughly two seconds compared to those for the 1970 Duster. Unfortunately, higher fuel prices and performance-car insurance surcharges deterred many buyers as the interest in high performance waned.<br />
<br />
==International variants==<br />
===Canada (1960-66)===<br />
[[Image:65 Canadian Valiant.jpg|thumb|left|1965 Canadian Valiant Custom 200 sedan]]<br />
<br />
[[Chrysler Canada]] marketed the Valiant at Dodge and Plymouth dealers under a standalone "Valiant" marque. The Canadian 1960–62 Valiant was visually similar to its American counterpart except the badge on the trunk lid read "'''by Chrysler'''" instead of "'''Plymouth'''". Besides minor differences in interior and exterior trim, the alternator was an extra-cost option in Canada through 1962 while it was standard equipment in America. An anti-ice system for the carburetor's throttle body, engine block heater, battery warmer, electric car interior heater and other cold-climate items were available as factory and/or dealer-installed options. Air conditioning, which was first offered in the US 1961 models, was not made available North of the border until 1966. Some Canadian-made Auto-Lite (now Prestolite) electrical components were used in lieu of the American-production Chrysler-built components. The [[Windsor, Ontario]] plant was a source for left- and right-hand-drive export Valiants as knock down kits.<br />
<br />
[[Image:65 Canadian Valiant Dash.jpg|thumb|right|1965 Canadian Valiant Custom 200 dashboard, virtually identical to US 1965 [[Dodge Dart]] configuration]]<br />
For 1963 and 1964, in the [[Plodge]] tradition, the Canadian Valiant used the US Dodge Dart body and {{convert|111|in|mm|abbr=on}} wheelbase with US Valiant front sheetmetal.<br />
<br />
For 1965, Chrysler Canada sold both the {{convert|106|in|mm|abbr=on}} wheelbase and the {{convert|111|in|mm|abbr=on}} wheelbase A-body vehicles, all badged as Valiants, and all with the U.S. Dart dashboard and instrument cluster. For 1966, the shorter Valiant was dropped from the Canadian market, and all Valiants were rebadged US Darts.<br />
[[Image:'65 Plymouth Valiant Convertible (Rigaud).JPG|thumb|left|1965 Canadian Valiant Signet convertible]]<br />
<br />
The Canadian Barracuda, badged as the '''Valiant Barracuda''', was built in Canada in 1964 and 1965 but was imported for 1966. Like the Valiant, the Barracuda had no Plymouth markings.<br />
<br />
With the coming of the US-Canada [[Auto Pact]] of 1965, Chrysler could ship cars and parts both ways over the border and in 1967 the company began importing Plymouth Valiants and Dodge Darts from Detroit, as well as exporting Darts and Valiants from Windsor to the US.<br />
<br />
===Australia (1963–81)===<br />
{{main|Chrysler Valiant|Valiant Charger}}<br />
[[Image:Valiantchargerrt.jpg|thumb|left|A 1971 Australian Valiant Charger R/T]]<br />
From 1963 on, [[Chrysler Australia]] assembled Valiants at the Tonsley Park plant in [[Adelaide, Australia]]. These Valiants were built on the American A-body platform with many parts and components from local suppliers. With the Detroit headquarters half a world away, the Australian Valiants began differing from their US counterparts; the 1967 Valiant VE series four-door sedan had a different bodyshell, more similar to the U.S. Dodge Dart. The Valiant VE was embraced by the Australian motoring press with ''[[Wheels magazine|Wheels]]'' magazine naming it [[Car of the Year]] for 1967. The VF series of 1969 and the VG of 1970, the latter of which featured the introduction of the [[Hemi-6]] and the discontinuation of the Slant-6, departed even further from its American cousins in both styling and performance. Unlike the U.S., Australia continued to produce a station wagon model called the '''Safari'''. From 1965 on, a pick-up version was produced called the '''Wayfarer''' utility or "ute", which was later sold in South Africa as the '''Rustler'''. Beginning in 1971 with the VH model, Chrysler Australia developed their entire lineup locally and introduced their own version of the [[Dodge Charger (B-body)|Charger]] on the A-body platform under the Valiant marque. The CM model, released in 1979, was to be the final model as production ended in 1981 when the Tonsley Park plant was sold to [[Mitsubishi Motors Australia]].<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.imcdb.org/vehicles.php?make=Plymouth&model=Valiant IMCDB: Plymouth Valiants in Movies and TV shows]<br />
*[http://www.virtual-museum.net/plymouth-valiant/index.html Valiant virtual museum]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Plymouth}}<br />
<br />
{{Historic Plymouth Timeline}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Compact cars]]<br />
[[Category:Plymouth vehicles|Valiant]]<br />
[[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Valiant vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Convertibles]]<br />
[[Category:Coupes]]<br />
[[Category:Sedans]]<br />
[[Category:Station wagons]]<br />
[[Category:1960s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:1970s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1960]]</div>24.84.162.92https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Dodge_Super_BeeDodge Super Bee2009-02-01T01:52:51Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[.{2}:[^:]+\]\] +)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Dodge Super Bee<br />
| manufacturer = [[Dodge]]<br />
| parent_company = [[Chrysler Corporation]] (1968-1980)<br>[[DaimlerChrysler]] (2007)<br>[[Chrysler LLC]] (2008-Present)<br />
| production = 1968-1979<br>2007-Present<br />
| layout = [[FR layout]]<br />
| class = [[Muscle car]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| image = <br />
| platform = [[Chrysler B platform|B-body]]<br />
| production = 1968-1970<br />
| wheelbase = {{Auto in|117.0|0}}<br />
| engine = 383ci [[V8]]<Br>426ci [[V8]]<br>440ci [[V8]]<br />
| assembly = [[Newark, Delaware]]<br />
| name = Dodge Coronet generation<br />
| transmission = 4-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]<br />
| related = [[Dodge Coronet]]<br>[[Plymouth Satellite]]<br>[[Dodge Charger (B-body)|Dodge Charger]]<br>[[Plymouth Road Runner]]<br>[[Plymouth GTX]]<Br>[[Plymouth Belvedere]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| engine = 340ci [[V8]]<bR>383ci [[V8]]<Br>426ci [[V8]]<br>440ci [[V8]]<br />
| assembly = [[Detroit, Michigan]]<br>[[Hamtramck, Michigan]]<br>[[Los Angeles, California]]<br>[[St. Louis, Missouri]]<br />
| name = Dodge Charger generation 1<br />
| production = 1971<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler B platform|B-body]]<br />
| related = [[Dodge Coronet]]<br>[[Plymouth Satellite]]<br>[[Dodge Charger (B-body)|Dodge Charger]]<br>[[Plymouth Road Runner]]<br>[[Plymouth GTX]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Dodge Dart generation<br />
| production = 1970-1976<br />
| assembly = [[Toluca]], [[Mexico]]<br />
| wheelbase = {{auto in|108.0|0}}<br />
| length = {{auto in|192.5|0}}<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler A platform|A-body]]<br />
| width = {{auto in|71.6|0}}<br />
| height = {{auto in|54.0|0}}<br />
| body_style = 2-door [[coupé]]<br />
| engine = 5.2&nbsp;L [[V8 engine|V8]]<br>5.6&nbsp;L [[V8]]<br>5.9&nbsp;L [[V8]]<br />
| related = [[Plymouth Valiant]]<br>[[Chrysler Valiant]]<br>[[Dodge Dart]]<br />
| transmission = 4-speed manual<Br>3-speed manual<br>3-speed [[Torqueflite]] automatic<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Dodge Aspen generation<br />
| production = 1976&ndash;1980<br />
| assembly = [[Toluca]], [[Mexico]]<br />
| image = [[Image:1974 superbee mexico.jpg|250px|A 1974 [[Dodge Dart]] Superbee from [[Mexico]].]]<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler F platform|F-body]]<br />
| body_style = 2-door [[coupe]]<br>4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]]<br>4-door [[station wagon]]<br />
| engine = 318 in³ ''[[Chrysler LA engine#318|LA]]'' [[V8]]<br>360 in³ ''[[Chrysler LA engine#360|LA]]'' [[V8]]<br />
| transmission = 4-speed [[manual transmission|manual]]<br>3-speed ''[[TorqueFlite]]'' [[automatic transmission|automatic]]<br />
| wheelbase = {{Auto in|108.7|0}}<br />
| length = {{Auto in|198.8|0}}<br />
| width = {{Auto in|73.3|0}}<br />
| related = [[Dodge Aspen]]<br>[[Plymouth Volare]]<br />
| height = {{Auto in|53.3|0}}<br />
}}<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Dodge Charger generation 2<br />
| image = [[Image:Dodge Charger Super Bee.JPG|250px|Dodge Charger Super Bee]]<br />
| production = 2007-present<br />
| assembly = [[Brampton, Ontario]], [[Canada]]<br />
| class = [[Full-size]]<br />
| body_style = 4-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]]<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler LX platform]]<br />
| engine = 6.1L [[V8]]<br />
| transmission = 5-speed ''[[5G-Tronic|W5A580]]'' [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]<br />
| related = [[Chrysler 300]]<br>[[Dodge Magnum]]<br>[[Dodge Charger (LX)|Dodge Charger]]<br />
| length = 508.3 cm (200.1 in)<br />
| wheelbase = 304.8 cm (120.0 in)<br />
| width = 189 cm (74.5 in)<br />
| height = 148 cm (58.2 in)<br />
}}<br />
The '''Dodge Super Bee''' was a limited-production [[muscle car]] from [[Chrysler]]'s [[Dodge]] division produced from 1968 through 1971. The Super Bee mascot was resurrected for the 2004 [[Dodge Ram Rumble Bee]] model, and the 2007 and 2008 [[Dodge Charger (LX)#Super_Bee|Dodge Charger Super Bee]].<br />
<br />
==1968-1970==<br />
The original Super Bee was based on the [[Dodge Coronet]]. It was a 2-door [[coupe]] model only and was produced from 1968 through 1970. It was the company's low-priced muscle car, the equivalent of the [[Plymouth Road Runner]], and was priced at $3,027. Plymouth Division had introduced the Road Runner first and the car sold well, prompting Dodge Division General Manager, Robert McCurry to have the Dodge Styling office create a competitor. During that time, both divisions were competing to be the "Chrysler Performance Division." The designers were assigned the task of creating a name and identity for the Dodge version. Senior designer Harvey J Winn won the "contest" with the name Super Bee and a new logo design around the Dodge "Scat Pack" Bee medallion. The first Super Bee was based on a '68 Coronet convertible. The show car was built at Alexander Brothers Custom Shop under Winn's direction and was introduced at the 1968 Detroit Auto Show.. <br />
<br />
Although the two cars are very similar in external appearance, the Super Bee was slightly heavier (approx 65 lbs.) and rode on a {{convert|117|in|mm|sing=on}} wheelbase compared to the Road Runner's {{convert|116|in|mm|sing=on}} wheelbase. In addition to the slight aesthetic external differences, such as larger rear wheel openings, the bumble bee tailstripe and fancier grille and taillight ornamentation, the Super Bee also used actual diecast chrome plated "Bee" medallions. These 3-dimensional medallions were prominently mounted in a raised position in the grille/hood area and the trunklid/taillight area of the car throughout the first 3 years of production and added a touch of class and panache the Road Runner lacked with its flat, 2-dimensional cartoon birds that faded and peeled over time. The interior of the Super Bee borrowed the racecar-inspired and more sophisticated gauge and speedometer dash cluster from the Dodge Charger while the 4 speed cars received an actual Hurst Competition-Plus shifter with Hurst linkage, compared to the budget-minded Road Runner's inferior Inland shifter and linkage. All these niceties did add to the higher purchase cost of the Super Bee compared to its Plymouth cousin and ultimately affected its sales numbers over the years it was produced. The Super Bee, like nearly all Chrysler musclecars of that era was available with the Hemi engine, however this option raised the price by 33% and only 125 were sold. The 1968 model only came as a 2-door coupe and 2 engine options, the base {{convert|335|hp|abbr=on}} 383 Magnum, and the 426 Hemi rated at {{convert|425|hp|abbr=on}}.<br />
<br />
The Super Bee included a heavy-duty suspension, an optional Mopar A-833 four-speed [[manual transmission]], and high-performance tires. Outside, a stripe (with the bee logo) was wrapped around the tail.<br />
<br />
A [[hardtop]] version joined the existing pillared coupe body for 1969, and a new optional twin-scooped air induction hood was now available and became known as the "Ramcharger". This particular option was coded N-96 and was the counterpart to the Plymouth Road Runner's "Coyote Duster" air induction hood. Of particular interest is that the Super Bee's "Ramcharger" hood featured forward-facing scoops which were far more efficient than the Road Runner's "twin vents" which merely laid flat on the hood, not forcing air in to the carburetor(s) as the Super Bee's did. Regardless of whether it was a Road Runner or Super Bee, the N-96 option commands immediate, extra respect whether it was at a stoplight or at the ever-present, modern day collector car auctions, as this option will drive up the selling price over a non N-96 equipped car. A "six-pack" (three two-barrel carburetors) version of Dodge's 440 cubic inch engine was added to the offering list mid-year. This option fell half-way between the standard engine and the Hemi as a $463 option. The 1969 model year gave Chrysler customers several engines to choose from. The base 383hp (high performance), 440 Six Pack, and the 426 Hemi. The 440 Magnum (4bbl) was not an available option, and was reserved for the Coronet R/T. For 1970 the Super Bee received a cosmetic redesign and was given a new front end that consisted of a twin-looped front bumper that Dodge PR referred to as "bumble bee wings". This new look turned off many buyers and the sales plummeted for the year, but ironically this particular design change is what makes it the most popular year of Super Bee to own in present day. Despite the new looks, the engine choices, as well as the "ramcharger" hood carried over from 1969. The 1970 cars from Dodge were chock-full of new and improved options, for example: a "double hockey stick stripe" variant of the bumble stripe was offered in addition to new high-back bucket seats, steering column mounted ignition as well as a "pistol-grip" Hurst shifter on four speed models. Rumors abound of the many concept and show vehicles Chrysler produced during the musclecar era, including producing 4 concept Superbee convertibles. The where-abouts of these 4 cars are unknown.<br />
<br />
Engines:<br />
* 1968-1970 - 383&nbsp;in³ (6.3&nbsp;L) [[Chrysler B engine#383|Big-Block]] [[V8]], 335&nbsp;hp (250&nbsp;kW)<br />
* 1968-1970 - 426&nbsp;in³ (7.0&nbsp;L) [[Chrysler Hemi engine#426|Hemi]] [[V8]], 425&nbsp;hp (317&nbsp;kW)<br />
* 1969-1970 - 440&nbsp;in³ (7.2&nbsp;L) [[Chrysler RB engine#440|Big-Block]] [[V8]], 390&nbsp;hp (291&nbsp;kW)<br />
<br />
Production:<br />
:1968 - 7,842 - 7,717 (383), 125 (426 Hemi)<br />
:1969 - 27,800 - 25,727 (383), 1,907 (440 Six Pack), 166 (426 Hemi)<br />
:1970 - 15,506<br />
<br />
==1971==<br />
Since the 1971 Coronet was only available in [[sedan (car)|sedan]] and [[station wagon]] versions, the Super Bee model was moved to the [[Dodge Charger (B-body)|Charger]] [[Chrysler B platform|platform]]. Since the Charger already had an ''R/T'' muscle car version, the Super Bee was slotted in as the low-priced entry in the line at US$3,271. 5,054 were produced which includes the 22 with the [[Chrysler Hemi engine|Hemi]] engine.<br />
<br />
The moniker was discontinued until the 2007 Super Bee, which was a [[Dodge Charger (LX)#SRT-8|Charger SRT-8]].<br />
<br />
1971 was the first and only year that a small block engine (340 4-bbl) became available in the Super Bee.<br />
<br />
Although the 440 Magnum (4-bbl) was not an available option on the Super Bee for 1971, 26 are known to have been built. With that option of the 440 the Super Bee could walk all over most Ford, Chevy, or GM products on the market.<br />
<br />
Engines:<br />
* 1971 - 340&nbsp;in³ (5.6&nbsp;L) [[Chrysler_LA_engine#340|Small-Block]] [[V8]], 275&nbsp;hp (205&nbsp;kW)<br />
* 1971 - 383&nbsp;in³ (6.3&nbsp;L) [[Chrysler B engine#383|Big-Block]] [[V8]], 300&nbsp;hp (224&nbsp;kW)<br />
* 1971 - 440&nbsp;in³ (7.2&nbsp;L) [[Chrysler RB engine#440|Big-Block]] [[V8]], 370&nbsp;hp (275&nbsp;kW)<br />
* 1971 - 440&nbsp;in³ (7.2&nbsp;L) [[Chrysler RB engine#440|Big-Block]] [[V8]], 385&nbsp;hp (287&nbsp;kW)<br />
* 1971 - 426&nbsp;in³ (7.0&nbsp;L) [[Chrysler Hemi engine#426|Hemi]] [[V8]], 425&nbsp;hp (317&nbsp;kW)<br />
<br />
==1970s Mexican Super Bees==<br />
<br />
Around 1970, the Mexican-market [[Dodge Dart]] had a Super Bee package; Super Bees were based on the Demon/Dart Sport semi-fastback Mopar [[Chrysler A platform|A platform]] until 1976, and the F platform (based on the [[Dodge Aspen]] coupe) between 1977-79 (sold in Mexico as part of the Dodge Valiant Volare series).<br />
<br />
==2007==<br />
A new 2007 Super Bee model was introduced at the 2006 [[North American International Auto Show]]. This model is based on the [[Dodge Charger (LX)#SRT-8|Dodge Charger SRT-8]] and uses special "Detonator Yellow" paint with flat black hood and fender decals. It is a limited edition car, with only 1000 to be made in 2007]. It uses the same {{convert|425|bhp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} [[HEMI]] 6.1 Liter engine as the SRT-8.<br />
<br />
==2008==<br />
For the 2008 model year, the Super Bee was only made in "B5 Blue Pearl Coat" (sometimes listed as "Surf Blue Pearl" [http://www.dodge.com/en/2008/charger/gallery/] [http://www.dodge.com/shared/2008/charger/gallery/main/ext_charger_sb_phtgal_11.jpg]), reminiscent of the blue used by [[NASCAR]] driver [[Richard Petty]]'s vehicles in the 1960s and 1970s. Again, it was based on the SRT-8 model and used the 6.1L engine, and will have a limited production run of 1000.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
*[http://www.autohobbydigest.com/mxbee.html Mexican Super Bees]<br />
{{Dodge}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dodge vehicles|Super Bee]]<br />
[[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Muscle cars]]<br />
[[Category:Coupes]]<br />
[[Category:1960s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:1970s automobiles]]</div>70.76.83.234https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/AM_GeneralAM General2009-02-01T00:30:01Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{refimprove(|.*\|*.*)}} +)</p>
<hr />
<div><span class="plainlinks"></span><br />
<br />
{{Infobox Company<br />
| name = AM General<br />
| logo = [[Image:AMGen.png|right|The AM general logo]]<br />
| type = Private LLC<br />
| genre = <br />
| foundation = 1971<br />
| founder = [[American Motors|American Motors Corporation]]<br />
| location_city = [[South Bend, Indiana]]<br />
| location_country = <br />
| location = <br />
| locations = <br />
| area_served = <br />
| key_people = James A. Armour, CEO<br />
| industry = vehicles<br />
| products = HUMVEE/Hummer<br />
| services = <br />
| market cap =<br />
| revenue = <br />
| operating_income = <br />
| net_income = <br />
| assets = <br />
| equity = <br />
| owner = <br />
| num_employees = <br />
| parent = [[MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings|MacAndrews AMG Holdings LLC]]<br />The [[Renco Group]], Inc.<br />
| divisions = <br />
| subsid = [[General Engine Products]], Inc.<br>[[Amstar]], LLC<br />
| homepage = [http://www.amgeneral.com/ amgeneral.com]<br />
| footnotes = <br />
| intl = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''AM General''' is an [[United States|American]] heavy vehicle manufacturer based in [[South Bend, Indiana]], best known for the civilian [[Hummer]] and military [[High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle|HMMWV]]. Its only assembly plant is in [[Mishawaka, Indiana]].<br />
<br />
==Corporate history==<br />
AM General traces its roots to the [[Standard Wheel Company]] of [[Terre Haute, Indiana]] which expanded in 1903 to include the [[Overland Automotive]] Division. In 1908, [[John North Willys]] purchased the Overland company, then based in [[Indianapolis, Indiana]], and renamed it [[Willys-Overland|Willys-Overland Motors, Inc]]. In the 1940s, Willys-Overland developed the [[Jeep]]. In 1953, [[Kaiser Motors]] purchased Willys-Overland, and changed the name to Willys Motor Company. In 1963 the company's name changed again to [[Kaiser-Jeep]] Corporation. In 1964, Kaiser-Jeep purchased the Studebaker facilities in [[South Bend, Indiana]], and formed the '''Defense and Government Products Division''' in 1967, which later became what is now AM General.<ref>http://www.amgeneral.com/corporate/history.php</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willys-Overland</ref><br />
<br />
AM General's roots (and its location in South Bend) also lie with the "General Products Division" of [[Studebaker]], which, along with its substantial defense contracts, was acquired by [[Kaiser Industries]] in early 1964 after Studebaker closed its U.S. auto manufacturing operations. At the time, Kaiser had been awarded an [[United States dollar|US$]]87 million Army truck contract, and under government pressure agreed to perform the work at the South Bend plant it had recently acquired from Studebaker. Subsequently, [[American Motors|American Motors Corporation]] (AMC) purchased the Jeep Corporation from Kaiser in 1970 when Kaiser itself decided to leave the auto business. In 1971, AMC made the General Products Division of [[Jeep]] (producing contract and non-commercial vehicles) a [[wholly owned subsidiary]] and renamed it '''AM General Corporation'''.<br />
<br />
AM General produced buses, large trucks, and Jeeps for industrial, military, and government use. In the late 1970s, it developed the [[High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle]] (HMMWV, nick-named "Humvee") for military use as a heavy-duty replacement for the jeep. The vehicle later became available in a civilian version sold under the [[Hummer]] brand name. Another familiar product from the AM General line was the [[Jeep DJ|JeepDJ-5]] series—a purpose built "'''D'''elivery '''J'''eep" 2-wheel drive (RWD) version of the [[Jeep CJ-5]]—used in huge numbers as a right-hand drive mail delivery vehicle by the [[United States Postal Service]].<br />
<br />
American Motors ended its history as an independent [[automaker]] in 1982 when controlling interest in the company was purchased by France's [[Renault]]. US Government regulations forbade ownership of defense contractors by foreign governments, and Renault was partially owned by the French government. Therefore, in 1983, AM General was sold by AMC to the [[LTV Corporation]] and it became a wholly owned subsidiary of the LTV Aerospace and Defense Company.<br />
<br />
AM General, which remains an independent company and government and military contractor, sold the rights to the Hummer name to [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] in 1999 but continues to build the vehicles for GM, except for the H3 which is assembled in GM factories. <br />
<br />
GM was sued early in 2003 by [[DaimlerChrysler]], owners of the [[Jeep]] brand, for the Hummer's seven slot grille which resembled the design DaimlerChrysler argued consumers associated with Jeep vehicles.<ref>[http://www.autoworld.com/apps/news/FullStory.asp?id=741 Autoworld.com - DaimlerChrysler Files Suit to Block Copycat Jeep Grille<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The lawsuit was dismissed due to the past corporate history involving AMC and Jeep. <br />
<br />
Production of the [[Hummer H1]] (the "H1" designation differentiates it from the [[Hummer H2|H2]] and [[Hummer H3|H3]] that were derived from GM-developed platforms) was discontinued in June 2006.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,195303,00.html?sPage=fnc.business/autos FOXNews.com - GM: End of Production Line for Hummer H1 - Hybrid Cars | Vehicles | Car Buying<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />
<br />
On [[August 20]], [[2004]], it was announced that [[Ronald Perelman]]'s [[MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings]] company would form a joint venture with AM General's current owner, [[Renco Group]], to give Perelman 70% ownership of AM General. The deal reportedly cost close to US$1 billion<ref>.{{cite news |first=ANDREW ROSS |last=SORKIN |authorlink= |coauthors= DANNY HAKIM |title= Perelman Seeks Controlling Stake in Maker of Hummer<br />
|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07E6DF1E3CF933A2575BC0A9629C8B63<br />
|work=New York Times |publisher=The New York Times Company |date=August 10, 2004 |accessdate=2008-05-27 }}</ref><br />
<br />
In 2008, AM General and the [[Standard Taxi]] Company, (Vehicle Production Group), of [[Troy, Michigan]] announced that contracts had been signed for AM General to begin producing Standard Taxi's purpose-built taxi-cabs, beginning in 2009.<ref>http://www.standardtaxi.com/documents/Issue_11.htm</ref><br />
<br />
==Development and Production of the HMMWV==<br />
In 1979, AM General began preliminary design work on the [[HMMWV|M998 Series High Mobility Multi-Purpose Wheeled Vehicle]] (HMMWV, pronounced Humvee); a 1.25-ton truck intended to replace the [[M151 MUTT]] and other [[light tactical vehicle]]s. The U.S. Army awarded AM General a prototype contract in 1981 and the development and operational testing was conducted over a five-month period in 1982. In March 1983, AM General won an initial $1.2 billion contract to produce 55,000 Humvees to be delivered in five basic models and 15 different configurations over a five-year period. <br />
<br />
In 1983, the [[LTV Corporation]] bought AM General from American Motors Corporation and established it as a wholly owned subsidiary of the LTV Aerospace and Defense Company.<br />
<br />
In 1984, the AM General headquarters moved from the American Motors AMTEK Building in [[Southfield]], [[Michigan]] to [[Livonia]], Michigan, and two years later to South Bend, Indiana, where the primary manufacturing operations were located.<br />
<br />
Production began at the Mishawaka, Indiana assembly plant in the fall of 1984 and the first deliveries were made in early 1985. The total production by mid-1991 was more than 72,000 vehicles including international sales.<br />
<br />
In 1992, LTV sold AM General to The Renco Group, Inc., who in 2002 converted it to a [[limited liability company]].<br />
<br />
By March 1995 about 100,000 HMMWVs had been built. Since 1991, an additional 20,000 HMMWVs were ordered by international governments. To date, more than 190,000 units have been produced.<br />
<br />
Late in 2000, AM General was awarded another production contract for 2,962 trucks in the M998A2 series. The contract contained six single-year options running to fiscal year 2007.<br />
<br />
The [[Humvee]] offers exceptional speed, mobility and agility and is built upon a multi-purpose platform, which will accommodate a broad range of configurations. Humvees feature full-time four-wheel drive, independent suspension, steep approach and departure angles, 60 percent gradeability and 16 inches of ground clearance. Humvees are currently in use by the U.S. Army, Marine Corps, Air Force and Navy at locations throughout the United States and overseas.<br />
<br />
==Other Military Vehicles==<br />
Along with the HMMWV, AM General also produces the LSSV ([[Light Service Support Vehicle]]). The LSSV is the latest version of the CUCV and is a [[4WD]] non-tactical vehicle for base operations support. <br />
<br />
The LSSV is a GM-built Silverado 2500 HD (or 3500 HD) and is powered by a [[Duramax]] 6.6 liter turbo diesel engine. The LSSV is available in a crew cab or standard cab. It can also be equipped with the Enhanced Mobility Package which adds underbody protection, a tire pressure monitoring system, and other upgrades.<br />
<br />
Prior to the development of newer vehicles, such as the HMMWV, AM General also acquired contracts from the [[US Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] to build medium and heavy trucks for the armed forces. These included the [[M35 2-1/2 ton cargo truck|M35 series of trucks]] and heavier [[M939 Truck|5-ton series of trucks]].<br />
<br />
==China==<br />
''See article: [[PRC HMMWVs]]''<br />
<br />
At least two Chinese automotive companies are known to produce HMMWV copies/clones<br />
*[[Dongfeng Motors]] produces a humvee variant, the EQ2050<br />
*[[Shenyang Aircraft Corporation|SAC]] produces the SFQ-2040<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.amgeneral.com AM General official site]<br />
* [http://www.amgeneral.com/corporate_history.php AM General Site History Page]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br><br />
{{North American bus builders}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Indiana]]<br />
[[Category:Companies based in St. Joseph County, Indiana]]<br />
[[Category:South Bend, Indiana]]<br />
[[Category:Bus manufacturers]]<br />
[[Category:American Motors]]<br />
[[Category:Taxicabs]]<br />
[[Category:Car manufacturers of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States]]</div>99.246.4.248https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Chrysler_Sebring_(coupe)Chrysler Sebring (coupe)2009-01-31T22:26:29Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{(commons|unreferenced|refimprove|mergefrom|unreferenced|expand|review|fansite|for|wikify|verylong|cleanup|images needed|context|citecheck|onesource|unreferencedsection|nofootnotes|refimprovesect|merge|merge-mult</p>
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<div><br />
{{Infobox Automobile<br />
| name = Chrysler Sebring (coupe)<br />
| image = [[Image:04-05 Chrysler Sebring coupe.jpg|250px|2004-2005 Chrysler Sebring coupe]]<br />
| class = [[Sport compact]]<br />
| manufacturer = [[Mitsubishi Motors]]<br />
| parent_company = [[Chrysler Corporation]]<br>[[DaimlerChrysler]]<br />
| body_style = 2-door [[coupe]]<br />
| production = 1995–2005<br />
| assembly = [[Normal, Illinois]], [[United States]]<br />
| predecessor = [[Chrysler LeBaron|Chrysler LeBaron coupe]]<br />
| successor = 2008 [[Chrysler Sebring (convertible)]] (hardtop)<br />
| layout = [[FF layout]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''[[Chrysler]] Sebring Coupe''' was a mid-size coupe made by [[Mitsubishi Motors]] for the [[Chrysler Corporation]] and later [[DaimlerChrysler]], from 1995-2005. It was the first bodystyle in the Chrysler Sebring family. Though being the first Chrysler to bear the Sebring name, it shared no components with the later Sebring sedan (2001-present) and convertible (1996-present). Sebring Coupe production ended in 2005, due to slumping sales{{Fact|date=June 2008}} and new generation of Sebring convertible being available with [[retractable hardtop]].<br />
<br />
==First generation (1995-2000)==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = First generation<br />
| image = [[Image:95-96 Chrysler Sebring coupe.jpg|250px|1995-1996 Chrysler Sebring coupe]]<br />
| production = 1995–2000<br />
| engine = 2.0 L ''[[Chrysler Neon engine#420A|420A]]'' [[Straight-4|I4]]<br>2.5 L [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] ''[[Mitsubishi 6G7x engine#6G73|6G73]]'' [[V6]]<br />
| transmission = 5-speed [[manual transmission]]<br>4-speed ''[[Ultradrive|41TE]]'' [[automatic transmission|automatic]]<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler D platform|Chrysler FJ platform]]<br />
| length = 1995-96: {{auto in|187.4|0}}<br>1997-98: {{auto in|191.0|0}}<br>1999-2000: {{auto in|190.9|0}}<br />
| wheelbase = {{auto in|103.7|0}}<br />
| width = {{auto in|69.7|0}}<br />
| height = 1995-98: {{auto in|51.0|0}}<Br>1997-98 V6: {{auto in|51.4|0}}<br>1998-2000: {{auto in|53.0|0}}<br />
| related = [[Dodge Avenger]]<br>[[Eagle Talon]]<br>[[Mitsubishi Eclipse]]<br>[[Mitsubishi Galant]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The 1995 through 2000 '''Chrysler Sebring''' and '''Dodge Avenger''' [[coupe]]s were the successors to the [[Chrysler LeBaron]] coupe and [[Dodge Daytona]], respectively. The name Sebring was originally used on a model of the [[Plymouth Satellite]].<br />
<br />
Despite being similar to Dodge's Avenger, the Sebring's suspension was tuned slightly on the softer side, compared to Avenger's stiff suspension. The model was seen as performing the best out of the two, because its suspension offered a good balance of comfort and rigidness. Although the Sebring did not really offer true "off-the-line" muscle, it did handle quite well over long, curvy roads, offering minimal body roll, especially LXi models, which featured a slightly differently tuned suspension along with 17 inch wheels wrapped with Good-Year Eagle performance tires.{{Fact|date=February 2008}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:1st-Chrysler-Sebring-Coupe.jpg|200px|thumb|left|1997-2000 Chrysler Sebring coupe]]The Coupe version of the Sebring had seating for 5 and was considered to be one of the larger, more roomy coupes available. Trunk capacity was similar to that of many mid-size cars, capable of handling more than one set of golf clubs.<br />
<br />
Although said to be built on a stretched [[Eagle Talon]] platform (which is not entirely untrue), it is more accurate to say that their platform was based on the 4-door [[Mitsubishi Galant]] platform.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} With this said, these cars do, however, share a great deal with their Talon sibling, including much of their dash and instrument panel, along with select suspension and steering components.<br />
<br />
===Engines===<br />
*2.0L inline 4cyl<br />
*2.5L Mitsubishi V6<br />
<br />
===Trim levels===<br />
*''LX'' - 1995-2000<br />
*''LXi'' - 1995-2000<br />
<br />
==Turbo Sebrings==<br />
<br />
It has been said that a total of 50 Sebring Coupes were equipped with dealer installed [[Turbocharger]]s. These cars (1999-2000) are very rare, with very little known about them (due to the fact that they were dealer equipped turbo cars, with no identifiable [[VIN]] info or documentation). Horsepower was said to be fairly close to the mid 200 range.{{Fact|date=November 2007}}<br />
<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
==Second generation (2001-2005)==<br />
<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Second generation (coupe)<br />
|image = [[Image:01-03 Chrysler Sebring Coupe.jpg|250px|2001-2003 Chrysler Sebring coupe]]<br />
| production = 2001–2005<br />
| length = 2001-03: {{auto in|190.2|0}}<br>2004-05: {{auto in|191.9|0}}<br />
| wheelbase = {{auto in|103.7|0}}<br />
| width = 2001-03: {{auto in|70.3|0}}<br>2004-05: {{auto in|69.9|0}}<br />
| height = 2001-03: {{auto in|53.7|0}}<Br>2004-05: {{auto in|53.9|0}}<br />
| engine = 2.4 L Mitsubishi ''[[Mitsubishi Sirius engine#4G64|4G64]]'' [[Straight-4|I4]]<br>3.0 L [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] ''[[Mitsubishi 6G7x engine#6G72|6G72]]'' [[V6]]<br />
| transmission = 5-speed manual<br>4-speed ''[[F4A42 , F4A51]]'' automatic<br />
| platform = [[Chrysler D platform|Chrysler ST-22 platform]]<br />
| related = [[Dodge Stratus]] coupe<br>[[Mitsubishi Eclipse]]<br>[[Mitsubishi Galant]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The second generation '''[[Chrysler Sebring]]''' was actually the name of two different cars. The coupe was the next generation model (also sold as the '''Dodge Stratus Coupe'''). The sedan and convertible were [[Chrysler JR platform]] successors to the [[Chrysler Cirrus]] as well as the [[Plymouth Breeze]]. As with earlier models, the Dodge coupe (which is seen as the successor to the Avenger) was tuned slightly stiffer than the Chrysler, and was viewed as the more "sporty" version of the two. The Sebring coupe was discontinued after 2005. The 2008 [[Chrysler Sebring (convertible)|Chrysler Sebring hardtop convertible]] technically serves as a replacement.<br />
<br />
===Engines===<br />
*2.4 L {{nowrap|(2351 cc, 143.4 cu in)}} Mitsubishi ''[[Mitsubishi Sirius engine#4G64|4G64]]'' [[Straight-4|I4]]<ref name="2005specs">http://www.media.chrysler.com/dcxms/assets/specs/2005SebringCoupeSpecs.pdf</ref><br />
*{{auto cc|2972|1}} [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]] ''[[Mitsubishi 6G7x engine#6G72|6G72]]'' [[V6]]<ref name="2005specs"/><br />
<br />
===Trim levels===<br />
*''LX'' - 2000-2003<br />
*''LXi'' - 2000-2003<br />
*base - 2004-2005<br />
*''Limited'' - 2004-2005<br />
*''Limited Platinum Series'' - 2004<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Chrysler Sebring]]<br />
*[[Chrysler Sebring (convertible)]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.allpar.com/model/sebring.html Avenger/Stratus/Sebring Coupes at Allpar.com]<br />
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20001109105300/www.chrysler.com/sebring-cpe/ Chrysler.com] - 2001 Sebring coupe homepage, Courtesy of [[Internet Archive]]<br />
*<br />
* [http://www.dldebertin.com/sebring/ownerseb.htm Chrysler Sebring Coupe Owners' Page]<br />
*<br />
* [http://www.dldebertin.com/sebring/sebring.htm Chrysler Sebring Coupe:The Obscure Facts]<br />
*<br />
* [http://www.dldebertin.com/sebringphotos/photos.htm Over 100 photos of Chrysler Sebring Coupes, stock and custom, all years, as provided by their owners]<br />
*<br />
<br />
{{Chrysler timeline}}<br />
{{Chrysler}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Chrysler vehicles|Sebring]]<br />
[[Category:Front wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:1990s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:2000s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:Coupes]]<br />
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1995]]</div>68.42.178.105https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/AMC_JavelinAMC Javelin2009-01-31T19:33:54Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{(commons|unreferenced|refimprove|mergefrom|unreferenced|expand|review|fansite|for|wikify|verylong)[^}]*}} +)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Automobile<br />
|name= AMC Javelin<br />
|image=[[Image:1968 AMC Javelin base model red-NJ.jpg|250px|1968 AMC Javelin base model in Matador Red]] ''1968 AMC Javelin base model''<br />
|manufacturer=[[American Motors]] (AMC)<br />
|production=1968 &ndash; 1974<br />
|assembly =[[Kenosha, Wisconsin]], [[United States|USA]]<br>[[Port Melbourne, Victoria|Port Melbourne]], [[Australia]]<br>[[Osnabrück]], [[Germany]]<br>[[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]]<br />
|class=[[Pony car]]<br />
|length={{Auto mm|4872|1}}<br />
|body_style=2-door [[coupe]]<br />
|width={{Auto mm|1910|1}}<br />
|wheelbase={{Auto mm|2794|1}}<br />
|engine=3.8L [[I6]]<br>5.6L [[V8]]<br>6.4L [[V8]]<br>4.8L [[V8]]<br>5.0L [[V8]]<br>5.9L [[V8]]<br>6.6L [[V8]]<br>4.2L [[I6]]<br />
|body_style=[[Coupe]]<br />
|layout=[[FR layout]]<br />
|platform=AMC’s “junior cars”<br />
|designer=[[Richard A. Teague]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
The '''AMC Javelin''' was a “[[pony car]]” built by the [[American Motors Corporation]] between 1968 and 1974. It was intended to rival other similar cars of the era such as the [[Ford Mustang]] and [[Chevrolet Camaro]].<br />
<br />
The Javelin can be classified into two generations: 1968 to 1970 (with a distinct 1970) and 1971 to 1974. Javelins competed successfully in [[Trans-Am Series|Trans-Am]] racing and won the series with AMC sponsorship in 1971, 1972, and independently in 1975.<br />
<br />
Javelins were assembled under license in other markets including Europe (by [[Karmann|Wilhelm Karmann GmbH]]), Mexico (by [[Vehiculos Automotores Mexicanos|VAM]]), Australia (by [[Australian Motor Industries]]), and were sold in other export markets.<br />
<br />
==1968&ndash;1969==<br />
[[Image:1969 AMC Javelin SST blue white-NJ.jpg|thumb|250px|1969 AMC Javelin SST with vinyl roof]]<br />
[[Image:1969 AMC Javelin BBO Big Bad Orange-NJ.jpg|thumb|250px|mid-1969 AMC Javelin SST in Big Bad Orange]]<br />
<br />
The Javelin was a production version of one of the AMX prototypes shown around the USA during the 1966 AMX project tour. It debuted in 1968. Available engines were a [[AMC Straight-6 engine#232|{{auto CID|232}}]] [[straight-6|straight-six]] and three [[V8]]s. The optional "Go Package" included a four-barrel [[carburetor|carbureted]] [[AMC V8 engine#343|{{auto CID|343}} V8]], power front [[disc brake]]s, dual exhausts, and wide tires. The ''SST'' trim level gave a greater degree of luxury. In mid-1968 the AMX {{auto CID|390}} engine was offered as a Javelin option. Its impressive {{Convert|315|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} and {{Auto lbft|425}} of torque could send the Javelin from zero-to-sixty [{{convert|60|mph|0}}] in the seven-second range.<ref>[http://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z7379/AMC-Javelin.aspx "1970 AMC Javelin" conceptcarz.com, undated], retrieved on [[2008-09-22]].</ref> A “Big Bad” paint (neon brilliant blue, orange and green) option was available on Javelins starting in mid-1969 and through 1970. The “Mod Javelin” Package was also introduced mid-year in 1969 and included an unusual roof mounted spoiler and twin blacked-out simulated air scoops on the hood. American Motors supported the AMX and Javelin with a "Group 19" range of dealer-installed performance accessories. These included a dual four-barrel cross-ram intake manifold, a high performance camshaft kit, needle-bearing roller rocker arms and dual-point ignition.<br />
<br />
''[[Road & Track]]'' compared the Javelin favorably to its competitors on its introduction in 1968,{{fact|date=June 2008}} describing the "big, heavy, super-powerful engine" as "an asset in such a small vehicle", and the styling as "pleasant." The disc/drum brakes and the non-power-assisted "quick-steering" option were criticized. Many journalists also complained about AMC’s safety-style interior, saying it was dull or bland.{{fact|date=June 2008}}<br />
<br />
Also offered was the [[AMC AMX]], a shortened, two-seat version of the first-generation Javelin.<br />
<br />
===Engines===<br />
:Note: all engines equipped with [[carburetor]]s and the horsepower measured in gross values.<br />
* {{auto CID|232}} ''[[AMC Straight-6 engine#232|AMC I6]]'', {{Convert|145|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} one-barrel or {{Convert|155|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} with two-barrel<br />
* {{auto CID|290}} ''[[AMC V8 engine#290|AMC V8]]'', {{Convert|225|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />
* {{auto CID|343}} ''[[AMC V8 engine#343|AMC V8]]'', {{Convert|280|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />
* {{auto CID|390}} ''[[AMC V8 engine#390|AMC V8]]'', {{Convert|315|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />
<br />
===Racing===<br />
<br />
American Motors was intent on changing the image of the company and its new pony car competitor. It formed a racing team and entered the Javelin in [[dragstrip]] and [[Trans-Am Series]] racing.<ref>{{cite book | last = Holder<br />
| first = William<br />
| last2 = Kunz<br />
| first2 = Phil<br />
| title = Extreme Muscle Cars<br />
| publisher = Krause Publications<br />
| date = 2006<br />
| pages = 14<br />
| isbn = 9780896892781 }}</ref><br />
<br />
The Javelin's first Trans-Am attempt was in the [[12 Hours of Sebring]] in 1968. Starting in January, two Javelins were prepared by Kaplan Engineering with engines by Traco Engineering. Power was provided by the basic {{auto CID|290|1}} V8 that was bored out to {{auto CID|304.3|2}}. Ronnie Kaplan recalls that "... we never had enough time to properly develop the Javelins because of our time factor and most of our testing and development took place at the race track."<ref name=friedman>{{cite book | last = Friedman<br />
| first = Dave<br />
| title = Trans-Am: The Pony Car Wars 1966-1972<br />
| publisher = MotorBooks/MBI Publishing Company<br />
| date = 2001<br />
| pages = chapter 3<br />
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=btiA3wC0FtoC&pg=PT127&dq=1968+AMC+Javelin+wheelbase+length&ei=Kh3DSLMmiNzKBO6kgcAG&sig=ACfU3U3zSE3fiMOaT-shk2Wej2TNWGuzxg#PPT84,M1<br />
| isbn = 9780760309438 | nopp = true }}</ref> Starting with a 68-car field, only 36 cars finished, with [[Peter Revson]] and Skip Scott driving one of the Javelins to 12th overall and 5th in the O-class, a "remarkable" performance considering the program was initiated so quickly.<ref name=friedman/> For the 1968 season, although the Javelins finished in third place, AMC established a record by being the only manufacturer's entry to finish every Trans-Am race entered.<ref>[http://www.amx-perience.com/TransAmRacing1968.htm "Trans-Am Racing 1968", AMX-perience, undated], retrieved on 2008-09-06.</ref><br />
<br />
== 1970 ==<br />
[[Image:1970 AMC Javelin SST in bitter sweet orange.jpg|thumb|right|250px|1970 AMC Javelin SST with “Go Package”]]<br />
[[Image:1970 AMC Javelin 390 CID Go Package engine.JPG|thumb|right|250px|1970 "Go Package" 390 engine]]<br />
<br />
The 1970 Javelins featured a new front end design with a wide "twin-venturi" front grille and a longer hood, as well as a new rear end with as well as full-width taillamps with a single center mounted backup light. This was a one-rear only design. Underneath the restyle was a new front suspension featuring [[ball joint]]s, upper and lower [[control arm]]s, [[coil spring]]s, and [[shock absorber]]s above the upper control arms, as well as trailing struts on the lower control arms. <br />
<br />
The engine lineup for 1970 was changed with the introduction of two new V8 engines: a base {{auto CID|304}} and an optional {{Auto CID|360}} to replace the 290 and the 343 versions. The top optional {{auto CID|390}} continued, but it was upgraded to new heads with 51 cc combustion chambers increasing power to ({{Convert|325|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}}. The code remained "X" for the engine on the [[vehicle identification number]] (VIN). Also new was the “power blister” hood with two large openings that were a functional cold ram-air induction system that was included with the "Go Package" option. The "Go Package" with the four-barrel engines was selected by many buyers and it also included front disk brakes, dual exhaust system, heavy-duty suspension with anti-sway bar, and performance tires with white letters on styled wheels.<br />
<br />
The interiors were also a one-year design featuring a broad new dashboard and bucket seats with clam shell integral headrests.<br />
<br />
Among the special models during 1970 was the '''[[Mark Donohue]] Javelin SST'''. A total of 2,501 were built to homologate the Donohue-designed, and emblazoned with his signature, rear spoiler. These were designed for Trans Am racing.<br />
<br />
An estimated 50 '''Trans-Am''' Javelins were also produced. The cars not only featured the front and rear spoilers, but were painted in AMC racing team's distinctive red, white, and blue paint scheme.<br />
<br />
===Engines===<br />
:Note: all engines equipped with [[carburetor]]s and the horsepower measured in gross values.<br />
* {{auto CID|232}} ''[[AMC Straight-6 engine#232|AMC I6]]'', {{Convert|145|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} one-barrel or {{Convert|155|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} with two-barrel<br />
* {{auto CID|360}} ''[[AMC V8 engine#360|AMC V8]]'', {{Convert|245|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} (two-barrel/single exhaust)<br />
* {{auto CID|360}} ''[[AMC V8 engine#360|AMC V8]]'', {{Convert|285|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} (four-barrel/dual exhaust)<br />
* {{auto CID|390}} ''[[AMC V8 engine#390|AMC V8]]'', {{Convert|325|hp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}}<br />
<br />
==1971&ndash;1974==<br />
<br />
[[Image:1974 AMC Javelin AMX black front.JPG|thumb|250px|1974 AMC Javelin AMX with "Go Package"]]<br />
<br />
Three Javelin series were offered: the base model, the SST, and the AMX.<br />
<br />
The car was restyled in 1971 to incorporate the integral roof [[Spoiler (automotive)|spoiler]] and fender bulges from earlier Javelins racing in the [[Trans-Am Series]]. The media criticized the revised fenders (originally designed to accommodate oversized racing tires) as "...like the Corvette, but less graceful..."{{fact|date=June 2008}} AMC offered a choice of engines and transmissions. Engines included a {{auto CID|232}} I6 and a four-barrel {{auto CID|401}} AMC V8 with high [[compression ratio]], forged steel crankshaft and connecting rods engineered for 8000&nbsp;rpm.<br />
<br />
The car's interior was asymmetrical, with nearly every component{{fact|date=June 2008}} unique to its position,<!--what does this mean?--> unlike the symmetrical interior of the economy-focused 1966 [[AMC Hornet|Hornet]] ([[AMC Cavalier|Cavalier]]) prototype.<br />
<br />
Racing versions competed successfully in the [[Trans-Am Series]] with the [[Penske Racing]]/[[Mark Donohue]] team, as well as with the Roy Woods ARA team sponsored by American Motors Dealers<ref>[http://www.trans-amseries.com/Drivers/KenEpsmanJavelin.htm Historic Trans Am], retrieved on [[2008-05-14]].</ref>. The Javelin won the Trans-Am title in 1971, 1972, and 1975. Drivers included [[George Follmer]] and [[Mark Donohue]], the latter lending his name and signature to a limited-edition 1970 Javelin-SST model with a special rear spoiler of his own design.<br />
<br />
From 1971 the [[AMC AMX|AMX]] was no longer available as a two-seater. It evolved into a premium High-Performance edition of the Javelin. The new Javelin-AMX incorporated several racing modifications and AMC advertised it as “the closest thing you can buy to a Trans-Am champion.” The car had a stainless steel mesh screen over the grille opening, a [[fiberglass]] full width cowl induction hood, and spoilers front and rear for high-speed traction. The performance-upgrade "Go Package" included the choice of a 360 or 401 4-barrel engine; also "Rally-Pac" instruments, handling package for the suspension, limited-slip “Twin-Grip” differential, heavy-duty cooling, power disk brakes, white-letter E60x15 [[Goodyear Polyglas tire]]s on 15x7-inch styled slotted steel wheels, T-stripe hood decal and a blacked-out rear taillight panel.<br />
<br />
A journalist who road-tested cars for an American auto magazine in the 1970s recalls the 1971 Javelin-AMX as "arguably the worst-built muscle car I have ever driven ... Decal stipes peeled off, loose knobs on the dash dropped off...loose carpeting pulled up, the front grille was barely attached." Also an entire rear wheel and brake assembly sheared off as the test car pulled away from a light, which could "have been fatal had it occurred...while cruising on the highway." The car ran the quarter mile in 14.60 seconds at {{convert|98|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}, "respectable for 1971, but certainly nowhere near the top rung of muscle cars."<ref>Oldham, Joe (2007). ''Muscle Car Confidential'', Motorbooks. ISBN 0-7603-2831-5.</ref><br />
[[Image:1973 AMC Javelin AMX PC.jpg|thumb|250px|1973 AMC Javelin AMX Pierre Cardin edition]]<br />
[[Image:1972 AMC Javelin with Pierre Cardin interior.JPG|thumb|250px|The optional Cardin interior in a 1972 Javelin]]<br />
<br />
During the 1972 and 1973 model years 4,152 Javelins were produced with a special interior option designed by [[fashion design]] [[Pierre Cardin]] (official on-sale date was [[March 1]], [[1972]]). It has a multi-colored pleated stripe pattern in tones of Chinese red, plum, white, and silver on a black background. Six multi-colored stripes, in a tough [[satin]]-like [[nylon]] with a stain-resistant [[silicone]] finish, run from the front seats, up the doors, onto the headliner, and down to the rear seats. The fabric for the seat faces was produced for AMC by [[Chatham Manufacturing Company|Chatham Mills]], a veteran maker of interior fabrics. Cardin's crest appeared on the front fenders. [[MSRP]] of the option was [[United States dollar|US$]]84.95. The trend for fashion designers doing special interiors still continues, but Cardin's continues to be the “most daring and outlandish.” <ref>Foster, Patrick. "Pierre Cardin Meets the Javelin" Hemming's Classic Car #31, April 2007.</ref><br />
<br />
American Motors achieved record sales in 1972 by focusing on quality and including an innovative “Buyer Protection Plan” to back its products. This was the first time an automaker promised to repair anything wrong with the car (except for tires) for one year or {{convert|12000|mi|km}}. Owners were provided with a toll-free telephone to AMC, as well as a free loaner car if a repair to their car took overnight. One commentator has said that “[d]espite the Javelin's “great lines and commendable road performance, it never quite matched the competition in the sales arena ... primarily because the small independent auto maker did not have the reputation and/or clout to compete with GM, Ford, and Chrysler.”<ref>{{Citation<br />
| last = Kunz<br />
| first = Bruce<br />
| title = AMC's 1971-1974 Javelin was a Horse of a Different Color in more ways than one<br />
| newspaper = St. Louis Post-Dispatch<br />
| date = 2006-08-26<br />
| url = http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/autos/columnists.nsf/oldcarcolumn/story/849778265F0F9D0B862571D8005078D0?OpenDocument<br />
| accessdate = 2008-05-14 }}.</ref><br />
<br />
By 1974, Chrysler abandoned the pony car market. Whereas Ford replaced its original Mustang with a smaller four-cylinder version, and other pony car manufacturers also downsized engines, the Javelin's big engine option continued until the production of the model ended in October/November 1974 amidst the [[1973 oil crisis|Arab oil embargo]] and overall declining interest in high performance vehicles. American Motors also needed a manufacturing line to build its all-new [[AMC Pacer]].<ref>{{Citation<br />
| last = Langworth<br />
| first = Richard M.<br />
| title = 1968-74 Javelin: AMC's Thrust Into the Ponycar Arena<br />
| journal = Collectible Automobile<br />
| volume = <br />
| issue = <br />
| pages = <br />
| date = October<br />
| year = 1987 }}</ref><br />
<br />
===Engines===<br />
<br />
* {{auto CID|232}} ''[[AMC Straight-6 engine#232|AMC]]'' [[I6]], {{Convert|135|hp|kW|0|}} gross rating<br />
* {{auto CID|258}} ''[[AMC Straight-6 engine#258|AMC]]'' [[I6]], {{Convert|150|hp|kW|0|}} gross rating<br />
* {{auto CID|304}} ''[[AMC V8 engine#304|AMC]]'' [[V8]], {{Convert|210|hp|kW|0|}} gross rating<br />
* {{auto CID|360}} ''[[AMC V8 engine#360|AMC]]'' [[V8]], {{Convert|245|hp|kW|0|}} gross rating (two-barrel carburetor with single exhaust)<br />
* {{auto CID|360}} ''[[AMC V8 engine#360|AMC]]'' [[V8]], {{Convert|285|hp|kW|0|}} gross rating (four-barrel carburetor with dual exhaust)<br />
* {{auto CID|401}} ''[[AMC V8 engine#401|AMC]]'' [[V8]], {{Convert|335|hp|kW|0|}} gross rating<br />
<br />
==Collectibility==<br />
<br />
''Chicago Sun-Times'' auto editor Dan Jedlicka says that the Javelin, which he describes as "beautifully sculpted" and "one of the best-looking cars of the 1960s", is "finally gaining the respect of collectors, along with higher prices."<ref>Jedlicka, Dan. "AMC on target with the Javelin" Chicago Sun-Times, May 28, 2007. page A2.</ref> The first generation Javelin has also been described as a "fun and affordable American classic with a rich racing pedigree and style that will always stand out from the omnipresent packs of Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler pony cars."<ref>{{Citation | last = Blackwell | first = Rusty | title = Collectible Classic: 1968-70 AMC Javelin | publisher = Automobile Magazine | url = http://www.automobilemag.com/features/collectible_classic/0706_1968_amc_javelin/index.html | accessdate = [[2008-05-11]] }}</ref> The basic version of the car does not command the high prices of some other [[muscle car]]s and [[pony car]]s. However, in its day the car sold in respectable numbers, regularly outselling both the [[Plymouth Barracuda]] and [[Dodge Challenger]] so popular today.<br />
<br />
1971 through 1974 AMX versions command higher prices, according to collector-car price guides.<br />
<br />
There are many active AMC automobile clubs, including for owners interested in racing in vintage events. The Javelin shared numerous mechanical, body, and trim parts with other AMC models, and there are vendors specializing in [[new old stock]] (NOS) as well as reproduction components.<br />
<br />
==Export and other markets==<br />
<!-- FAIR USE of 1968-AMC-Javelin-by-Karmann.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:1968-AMC-Javelin-by-Karmann.jpg for rationale, as well as below.<br />
The image shown here is claimed to be used under fair use as:<br />
# There is no "free" equivalent of the actual factory sales brochure cover showing the 1969 AMC Javelin that was built by Karmann.<br />
# This has been previously published.<br />
# The name of the photographer/artist is unknown.<br />
# It is of lower resolution than the original, so it will not detract from the value of any original image.<br />
# The image is only being used for informational purposes.<br />
# The material is encyclopedic and otherwise meets general Wikipedia content requirements.<br />
# This meets the media-specific policy requirements.<br />
# The image is used in at least one article.<br />
# The material contributes to the article by specifically illustrating a relevant section within the text about these automobiles.<br />
# The image does not detract from the reputation of the subject.<br />
--><br />
[[Image:1968-AMC-Javelin-by-Karmann.jpg|thumb|200px|AMC Javelin by Karmann 1968 ad]]<br />
<br />
* Between [[30 December]] [[1968]] and [[2 July]] [[1970]], the German coach builder, [[Karmann]], assembled 280 <ref>Dates and figures given by Karmann on 31 October 2006&mdash;via e-mail.</ref> [[Complete knock down|CKD]] (Completely Knocked Down) Javelins that were sold in Europe. This deal was very significant because it was a completely American designed car that was made in [[Germany]]. Karmann’s “Javelin 79-K” came with the {{auto CID|343}}. 90% of the parts and components used came in crates from the USA. At Karmann’s facility in [[Rheine]] the cars were assembled, painted, and test-driven prior to shipment to customers.<br />
* [[Right hand drive]] versions of both the first and second generation models were assembled in Australia by [[Australian Motor Industries]] (AMI) from [[Complete knock down|CKD]] kits. The right hand drive dash and other required components were locally manufactured.<br />
* Javelins were also popular in Europe, primarily because they had the largest and most usable rear seat of the American pony cars.<br />
* Javelins equipped with the {{auto CID|401}} engine were used by the [[Alabama Highway Patrol]] beginning in 1971 and ending with the last ADPS Javelin's retirement in 1979. They were the first pony cars to be used as a normal highway patrol [[police car]] by any U.S. police organization.<br />
<br />
==Specifications==<br />
<br />
The 1971 AMC Javelin has the following specifications:<br />
*'''Length:''' 191.8&nbsp;inches (4872&nbsp;mm)<br />
*'''Width:''' 75.2&nbsp;inches (1910&nbsp;mm)<br />
*'''[[Wheelbase]]:''' 110&nbsp;inches (2794&nbsp;mm)<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
;Inline<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
; General<br />
* {{cite journal | author=James T Crow, ed. | title=AM Javelin | journal=Road & Track Road Test Annual | year=1968 | pages=24–26}}<br />
* {{cite book | author = Guy Hadsall, Patrick R. Foster, and Sam Fiorani| title = Mister Javelin: Guy Hadsall Jr. at American Motors | publisher = SHS Press | year = 1999 | isbn = 0-96689-430-8}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
<br />
*[http://amcrc.com AMC Rambler Club] &mdash; Club for 1954 &ndash; 1988 AMCs.<br />
*[http://www.amonational.com American Motors Owners] &mdash; Club for 1958 &ndash; 1987 AMCs.<br />
*[http://www.javelinamx.com/JavHome/copcar/index.htm AMC Police Car Registry] &mdash; Club for all AMC emergency vehicles.<br />
<br />
{{American Motors}}<br />
<br />
{{amc_Timeline}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:AMC vehicles|Javelin]]<br />
[[Category:Muscle cars]]<br />
[[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Coupes]]<br />
[[Category:1960s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:1970s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1968]]<br />
[[Category:Police vehicles]]</div>24.63.251.41https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Simca_1100Simca 11002009-01-31T14:48:37Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[.{2}:[^:]+\]\] +)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Automobile<br />
| image = [[Image:MHV Simca 1100 01.jpg|250px|A Talbot 1100, which was a [[rebadged]] Simca 1100]]<br />
| name = Simca 1100<br />
| aka = Talbot 1100<br />
| manufacturer = [[Simca]]<br />
| production = 1967–1985<br />
| predecessor = None<br />
| successor = [[Talbot Horizon]]<br />
| class = [[Supermini car|Supermini]]<br />
| layout = Front engine, [[front-wheel drive]]<br />
| body_style = 3/5-door [[Hatchback]]<br>5-door [[Station-wagon]]<br>2-door [[Pickup truck]]<br>2-door van<br />
| engine = [[Simca Type 315]]<br />
| transmission = <br />
| wheelbase = <br />
| length = {{auto mm|3937|1}}<br />
| width = {{auto mm|1587|1}}<br />
| height = <br />
| weight = {{auto kg|918|0}}<br />
| fuel_economy =<br />
| fuel_capacity = <br />
| related = [[Matra Rancho]], Simca 1204, Simca 1118, Simca VF<br />
| designer = <br />
}}<br />
<br />
[[Image:Simca 1100 Estate Como.jpg|250px|thumb|right|]]<br />
The '''Simca 1100''' was an [[automobile]] built from 1967 to 1982 by [[Chrysler Europe]]'s division [[Simca]]. It was replaced by the [[Talbot Horizon]].<br />
<br />
The 1100 was the result of "Project 928", started in 1962, finalized by engineers [[Philippe Grundeler]] and [[Charles Scales]]. The design was a result of Simca's market research in the early 1960s, which showed the increasing popularity of front wheel drive cars that provided better space utilization and comfort to small cars. In Spring 1962, Simca targeted a 1966-67 launch of a new range of front wheel drive cars with sedans, wagons, and light commercial vehicles to be included, all fitting into France's 6CV tax class - between the Simca Mille and Simca 1300. Both transverse and front/back engines were tested, and in 1963, the transverse-engine design was approved. <br />
<br />
In 1963, [[Chrysler]] took a controlling interest in Simca, approving the project in 1964, with a production target of summer 1967. The short timetable included developing a new transmission, and using a larger version of the rear engined rear wheel drive Simca Mille ([[Simca 1000]]) engine, displacing 1118 cc (the Mille used a 1.0 liter engine, the 1500 a 1.5 liter engine). <br />
<br />
When first shown on [[Sardinia]] and the [[Paris Auto Show]] in 1967, the 1100 was advanced in design, featuring a hatchback with folding rear seats, disc brakes, rack and pinion steering, an independent front and rear suspension using Chrysler-style torsion bars (though Chrysler itself only used them up front), and a full range of controls. Numerous permutations were available, with a manual, automatic, and semi-automatic transmission. The engine was slanted to allow for a lower hood; and the engine, gearbox, and suspension were carried on a subframe to allow the unit-body to be relatively unstressed. In American fashion, the body was welded to the frame, not bolted. The 1100 was reportedly studied closely by [[Volkswagen]] when the latter company was designing its [[Volkswagen Golf]], after making rear-engined, rear-wheel-drive vehicles. <br />
<br />
The 1100 was (along with the pricier [[Renault 16]]), one of the first [[hatchback]] designs, with a folding rear seat, and in three and five-door variations. A [[station wagon]] was also introduced from the beginning, along with LS, GL, GLS and "Special" equipment classes. <br />
<br />
The car was fitted with [[Simca Type 315]] petrol [[Overhead valve|OHV]] engines with 944, 1118, and 1294&nbsp;cc variants, depending on year and market. A "stroked" 1118 cc engine displacing 1.2 litres was introduced in 1971 to the UK market as the '''Simca 1204'''. It was also sold in the USA in limited quantities.<br />
<br />
The 1100 had a four speed manual gearbox and room for five people. There was also a three-speed semi-automatic gearbox that required manual shifting but used an electronically activated clutch. The 1100's transmission configuration was revolutionary in that it was transverse and axial with the engine giving the "engine on one side, transmission on the other" layout copied on almost all hot hatches and front wheel drive vehicles throughout the world ever since. In France, the 1100 was very successful, achieving best-seller status, but it was less competitive in non-European export markets. In the UK, while recognised as an innovative and capable car, its poor record of body corrosion and top end engine wear counted against it. The engine could be very 'tappety'. {{fact|date=August 2008}}<br />
<br />
Two [[light commercial vehicle|LCV]] versions with [[van]] and [[pickup truck|pick-up truck]] bodystyles was called '''Simca VF2''', and were sold from 1973 to 1985, three years after the 1100 had been removed from the market. In the United Kingdom, these models assumed the [[Dodge]] nameplate after 1976. In 1974, the sporty TI appeared with the 1294 engine (82&nbsp;PS), at the time when the car also saw a cosmetic redesign. Based on the 1100 chassis, the [[Matra]] engineering firm created a [[Crossover SUV|crossover]] derivation engineered named [[Matra Rancho]].<br />
<br />
In 1968, production was already strong with 138,242 vehicles made; it reached its peak in 1973, with nearly 300,000 Simca 1100s rolling off the assembly line. However, production fell rapidly through 1977, when over 142,000 1100s were made; the following year just half that number (72,695) were made, and numbers dwindled to below 20,000 in 1981, though production continued through to 1985. <br />
<br />
The Simca 1100 was produced in different places; in Sweden, local production was handled by Phillipsons, on the same assembly lines that made Mercedes-Benz cars. <br />
<br />
A total of 2.2 million cars were produced. The replacement for the 1100, the C2 project, would become the [[Talbot Horizon]], and would be a runaway success in the United States, where it sold as the Dodge Omni and Plymouth Horizon. The 1100 would also be the basis for the Matra Rancho, an early crossover which had serious 4x4 looks but a Simca 1100 basis.<br />
<br />
;Range:<br />
*944&nbsp;cc - 45&nbsp;PS (33&nbsp;kW)<br />
*1118&nbsp;cc - 50/52/60&nbsp;PS (37/38/44&nbsp;kW)<br />
*1204&nbsp;cc - 59&nbsp;PS (43&nbsp;kW)<br />
*1294&nbsp;cc - 62/75&nbsp;PS (46/55&nbsp;kW)<br />
*1442&nbsp;cc - 83&nbsp;PS (61&nbsp;kW)<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[Hot hatch]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
* [http://www.allpar.com/model/horizon.html Simca 1100 and Chrysler Horizon]<br />
* [http://www.uniquecarsandparts.com.au/car_info_simca_1100.htm Simca 1100]<br />
* [http://www.allpar.com/cars/adopted/simca/1204.html The Simca 1204 (US) and Simca 1100 - most popular car in France - and Talbot Wind]<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.rootes-chrysler.co.uk/simca-cars/simca-1100.html Rootes Chrysler UK Information]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Simca vehicles|1100]]<br />
[[Category:Front wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Hatchbacks]]<br />
[[Category:Sedans]]<br />
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1967]]<br />
[[Category:1960s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:1970s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:1980s automobiles]]</div>83.208.150.21https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Simca_1000Simca 10002009-01-31T11:54:16Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[.{2}:[^:]+\]\] +)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox Automobile<br />
| image = [[Image:1973 Simca 1000 GL.JPG|250px|1973 Simca 100 GL]] <br />
| name = Simca 1000<br />
| aka = Simca 900<br>Simca 4 CV<br>Sim'4<br>Simca 1118<br>Simca 1005/1006<br />
| manufacturer = [[Simca]]<br />
| parent_company = <br />
| production = 1961-1978<br />
| predecessor = <br />
| successor = <br />
| class = [[Small car]]<br />
| platform = <br />
| body_style = 4-door [[saloon car|saloon]]<br />
| engine = 0.8&nbsp;L ''[[Simca Type 315|Type 315]]'' [[ohv]] [[straight-4|I4]]<br>0.9&nbsp;L ''[[Simca Type 315|Type 315]]'' [[ohv]] [[straight-4|I4]]<br>1.1&nbsp;L ''[[Simca Type 315|Type 315]]'' [[ohv]] [[straight-4|I4]]<br>1.3&nbsp;L ''[[Simca Type 315|Type 315]]'' [[ohv]] [[straight-4|I4]]<br />
| layout = [[RR layout]]<br />
| transmission = 4-speed manual<br />
| length = {{Auto mm|3785}} <br />
| width = {{Auto mm|1473}} <br />
| height = {{Auto mm|1335}} <br />
| wheelbase = {{Auto mm|2220}} <ref name=DlyExpressLonMoShoRev1966>{{cite book |last=Cardew|first=Basil |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Daily Express Review of the 1966 Motor Show|year=1966 |publisher=Beaverbrook Newspapers Ltd |location=London |id=}}</ref><br />
| track = <br />
| related = <br />
| similar = <br />
| designer = <br />
| fuel_capacity = {{Convert|36.5|L|usgal impgal|1|abbr=on}} <br />
| fuel_economy =<br />
|<br />
| related = [[Simca 1200S Coupé]]<br />
| similar = [[Renault 8]] <br> [[Škoda MB1000/1100]] <br> [[Škoda S100/110]] <br> [[Škoda 105/120]]<br />
| designer = [[Mario Boano]]<br />
| weight = 730 kg (35% front)<ref>{{cite web|title=Simca - 1000|url=http://www.worldofmotorsports.com/car/model_specification.asp?makeID=265&modelID=4184&modelspecID=2829|publisher=worldofmotorsports.com|accessdate=2006-09-29}}</ref><br />
}}<br />
The '''Simca 1000''' was a small, [[rear-engined]], four-door [[saloon car|saloon]] manufactured by the [[France|French]] [[automaker]] [[Simca]] from 1961 to 1978. The car was inexpensive, and at the time of launch, quite modern, with a brand-new [[inline-4]] engine. The [[RR layout]] was at that time quite popular in small cars. In addition to the rear engine, the fuel tank was located in the rear, behind the rear passenger seat. This gave the car a 35/65 front/rear weight distribution, with an extremely light and nimble front end and a responsive [[oversteer]] on curvy roads. The spare tyre was located vertically in the front luggage compartment, just behind the front bumper. It became a popular car in France, and to some extent also in export markets.<ref name="rootes-chrysler">{{cite web|url=http://www.rootes-chrysler.co.uk/simca-cars/simca-1000.html|title=Simca 1000 cars|work=Rootes-Chrysler.co.uk|accessdate=2006-08-14}}</ref> In its 17 years of production, almost 2 millions were sold.<ref name="club">{{cite web|url=http://www.simcatalbotclub.org/s1000.htm|title=SIMCA 1000|work=Simca Talbot Information Centre &ndash; Simca Club UK|accessdate=2006-08-14}}</ref>.<br />
<br />
Over the course of time, the 1000 (whose name was pronounced ''"mille"'' in French) was available in a number of versions featuring different equipment levels and variations of the original ''[[Simca Type 315|Type 315]]'' engine. The low-specification version was sold as '''Simca 900''', and it was later replaced by '''Simca 4 CV''' (also marketed as '''Sim'4'''), powered by a 0.8&nbsp;litre unit. On the other end of the range, the 1.1&nbsp;L version from the larger [[Simca 1100]] was added in 1969 (the Simca 1000 was marketed in the USA as '''Simca 1118'''). Finally, the 1.3&nbsp;L version, used in the biggest Simca, the [[Simca 1300/1500|1300]], made its way to the little 1000 in the early 1970s. <br />
Apart from the standard [[manual transmission]], some versions could be fitted with a three-speed [[semi-automatic transmission|semiautomatic]] developed by [[Ferodo]].<ref name="rootes-chrysler"/><br />
Quite interestingly, the high-specification versions were offered in the [[United Kingdom|British]] market with a [[walnut]] dashboard decor! In 1977, the model was revised for the last time, gaining the new names of '''1005/1006''' (depending on the specifications), to put it in line with the newer [[Simca 1307]] and its derivatives. Production stopped in 1978 without a direct replacement.<ref name="rootes-chrysler"/><br />
==The Simca-Abarth (1964-66) and Simca 1000 Rallye==<br />
In the model's early years, the [[Italy|Italian]] [[car tuning|tuner]] [[Abarth]] was offering modified versions of the 1000, and later Simca itself began offering a ''"Rallye"'' version, which helped boost the model's popularity in the motorsport community.<br />
*Simca-Abarth 1150 - 1137 cc - {{convert|55|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|lk=on}} 5600 rpm - disk brakes - 11000 [[French franc|F]]<br />
*Simca-Abarth 1150 S - 1137 cc - {{convert|58|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} 5600 rpm - disk brakes <br />
*Simca-Abarth 1150 SS - 1137 cc - {{convert|65|PS|kW hp|abbr=on}} 5600 rpm - disk brakes - Option : six speed gear box<br />
<br />
The swan song of the Simca 1000 in this series was the Simca 1000 Rallye 3, with a {{Convert|103|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} engine. Only 1000 were produced during the last year of production of the Simca 1000, 1978.<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:1963 Simca 1000.jpg|1963 Simca 1000<br />
Image:1963 Simca 1000 - rear view.jpg|1963 Simca 1000 - rear view<br />
Image:1963 Simca 1000 - interior.jpg|1963 Simca 1000 - interior<br />
Image:220505 simca.jpg|Simca 1000 Rallye 2<br />
</gallery><br />
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;"<br />
|----- bgcolor="#FFDEAD"<br />
!Year!! Models !! Engines !! Price (in [[French franc|F]]) !! Production <br />
|- <br />
|1962|| Simca 1000 || 944 cc {{convert|45|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || 6490 F || 1961 : 9670<br>1962 : 154 282<br />
|- <br />
|1963 || Simca 900<br>Simca 1000 || 944 cc {{convert|45|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|50|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || 5950 F<br>6490 F || 168 654 <br />
|- <br />
|1964 || Simca 900<br>Simca 900 C<br>Simca 1000<br>Simca 1000 GL || 944 cc {{convert|45|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|45|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|50|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|52|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || 5950 F<br>6250 F<br>6450 F<br>6750 F || 113 818 <br />
|- <br />
|1965 || Simca 900<br>Simca 1000<br>Simca 1000 GL<br>Simca 1000 GLS || 944 cc {{convert|45|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|50|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|52|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|52|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || || 118 655<br />
|- <br />
|1966 || Simca 1000 L<br>Simca 1000 LS<br>Simca 1000 GL<br>Simca 1000 GLS<br>Simca 1000 GLA || 944 cc {{convert|50|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|50|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|52|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|52|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|54|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || 6200 F<br>6600 F<br>6900 F<br>7350 F<br>7350 F || 174 068<br />
|- <br />
|1967 || Simca 1000 Commerciale<br>Simca 1000 L<br>Simca 1000 LS<br>Simca 1000 GL<br>Simca 1000 GLS<br>Simca 1000 GLA || 944 cc {{convert|50|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|50|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|50|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|52|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|52|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|54|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || 6115 F<br>6200 F<br>6600 F<br>6900 F<br>7350 F<br>7350 F || 115 397<br />
|- <br />
|1968 || Simca 1000 Commerciale<br>Simca 1000 L<br>Simca 1000 LS<br>Simca 1000 GL<br>Simca 1000 GLS<br>Simca 1000 GLA || 944 cc {{convert|50|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|50|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|50|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|52|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|52|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|54|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || 6115 F<br>6200 F<br>6600 F<br>6900 F<br>7350 F<br>7350 F || 114 427<br />
|- <br />
|1969 || Sim' 4<br>Simca 1000<br>Simca 1000 Spécial || 777 cc {{convert|31|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|42|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1118 cc {{convert|50|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || 6595 F<br>7695 F<br>8995 F || 146 321<br />
|- <br />
|1970 || Sim' 4<br>Simca 1000<br>Simca 1000 Spécial<br>Simca 1000 Rallye || 777 cc {{convert|33|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|44|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1118 cc {{convert|53|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1118 cc {{convert|53|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || 7190 F<br>8140 F<br>9515 F<br>8695 F || 133 540<br />
|- <br />
|1971 || Sim' 4<br>Simca 1000 LS<br>Simca 1000 GL<br>Simca 1000 Spécial<br>Simca 1000 Rallye || 777 cc {{convert|33|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|44|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|44|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1118 cc {{convert|53|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1118 cc {{convert|53|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || 7695 F<br>7995 F<br>8745 F<br>9995 F<br>8995 F || 122 933<br />
|- <br />
|1972 || Sim' 4<br>Simca 1000 LS<br>Simca 1000 GLS<br>Simca 1000 Spécial<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 1 || 777 cc {{convert|33|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|44|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1118 cc {{convert|53|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|60|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|60|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || || 131 195<br />
|- <br />
|1973 || Sim' 4<br>Simca 1000 LS<br>Simca 1000 GLS<br>Simca 1000 Spécial<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 1<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 2 || 777 cc {{convert|33|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|44|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1118 cc {{convert|53|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|60|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|60|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|82|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || || 136 193<br />
|- <br />
|1974 || Simca 1000 LS<br>Simca 1000 GLE<br>Simca 1000 GLS 6CV<br>Simca 1000 GLS 5CV Ferodo<br>Simca 1000 Spécial<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 1<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 2 || 944 cc {{convert|44|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|44|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1118 cc {{convert|53|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|44|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|60|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|60|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|82|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || 9550 F<br>10500 F<br>10250 F<br>10850 F<br>10950 F<br>10850 F<br>13850 F || 95 604<br />
|- <br />
|1975 || Simca 1000 LS<br>Simca 1000 GLE<br>Simca 1000 GLS<br>Simca 1000 Spécial<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 1<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 2 || 944 cc {{convert|44|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|44|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1118 cc {{convert|53|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|60|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|60|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|82|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || || 71 346<br />
|- <br />
|1976 || Simca 1000 LS<br>Simca 1000 GLE<br>Simca 1000 GLS<br>Simca 1000 Spécial<br>Simca 1000 SR 6CV<br>Simca 1000 SR 7CV<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 1<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 2 || 944 cc {{convert|44|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|44|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>944 cc {{convert|44|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1118 cc {{convert|53|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1118 cc {{convert|53|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|60|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|60|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|82|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || || <br />
|- <br />
|1977 || Simca 1005 LS<br>Simca 1006 GLS<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 1<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 2 || 944 cc {{convert|40|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1118 cc {{convert|55|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|60|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|86|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || 15100 F<br>17420 F<br>17250 F<br>22625 F || 49190<br />
|- <br />
|1978 || Simca 1005 LS<br>Simca 1006 GLS<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 1<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 2<br>Simca 1000 Rallye 3 || 944 cc {{convert|40|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1118 cc {{convert|55|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|60|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|86|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} <br>1294 cc {{convert|103|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}} || <br><br><br>23800 F<br>29700 F || 12893<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Simca vehicles|1000]]<br />
[[Category:Rear-engined vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Sedans]]<br />
[[Category:1960s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:1970s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1961]]</div>83.208.150.21https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Street_and_Racing_TechnologyStreet and Racing Technology2009-01-31T07:09:13Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[.{2}:[^:]+\]\] +)</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Srt.jpg|right|SRT badge on the rear of an SRT8]]<br />
<br />
'''Street Racing Technology''' (commonly called '''SRT''') is a high-performance [[automobile]] group within [[Chrysler LLC]]. SRT began as "Team Viper" to develop the [[Dodge Viper]]. It later merged with "Team Prowler", the developers of the [[Plymouth Prowler]], to become '''Specialty Vehicle Engineering''' (SVE). This was renamed '''Performance Vehicle Operations''' (PVO). Since all PVO vehicles used the SRT name, it was decided in 2004 to use that name for the development group as well. SRT has produced vehicles for the [[Chrysler]], [[Dodge]], [[Jeep]], and [[Plymouth (automobile)|Plymouth]] [[marque]]s.<br />
<br />
The naming convention used by SRT for its models are indicative of the vehicle's engine type. The number that follows the 'SRT' prefix denotes the number of engine cylinders the vehicle has. For example the [[Chrysler 300C]] has an 8 cylinder [[HEMI]] engine. Therefore the SRT version is known as the Chrysler 300C SRT-8. Similarly, the [[Dodge Viper SRT-10]] has a 10 cylinder engine. A minor exception was the Dodge SRT-4, which is based on the [[Dodge Neon]] and where the Neon name was deleted while the number "4" just as the other models displayed the number of the cylinders.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Vehicles==<br />
SRT, SVE, and PVO have produced the following vehicles:<br />
* 1997-2002 [[Plymouth Prowler]] ("Team Prowler")<br />
* 2003-2005 [[Dodge SRT-4]] &mdash; 2.4&nbsp;L [[turbocharged]] [[straight-4|I4]] ("PVO")<br />
* 2003-present [[Dodge Viper|Dodge Viper SRT-10]] ("Team Viper")<br />
* 2004-2006 [[Dodge Ram SRT-10|Dodge Ram SRT-10]] &mdash; 8.3&nbsp;L [[V10 engine|V10]] ("PVO")<br />
* 2004-2005 [[Chrysler Crossfire#SRT-6|Chrysler Crossfire SRT-6]] &mdash; 3.2 L [[supercharged]] [[V6 engine|V6]]<br />
* 2005-2008 [[Dodge Magnum#SRT-8|Dodge Magnum SRT-8]] &mdash; 6.1&nbsp;L [[Chrysler Hemi engine#6.1|Hemi]] [[V8 engine|V8]]<br />
* 2005-present [[Chrysler 300#SRT-8|Chrysler 300C SRT-8]] &mdash; 6.1&nbsp;L [[Chrysler Hemi engine#6.1|Hemi]] V8<br />
* 2006-present [[Jeep Grand Cherokee|Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT-8]] &mdash; 6.1&nbsp;L [[Chrysler Hemi engine#6.1|Hemi]] V8<br />
* 2006-present [[Dodge Charger (LX)|Dodge Charger SRT-8]] &mdash; 6.1&nbsp;L [[Chrysler Hemi engine#6.1|Hemi]] V8<br />
* 2007-present [[Dodge Caliber#SRT-4|Dodge Caliber SRT-4]] &mdash; 2.4&nbsp;L [[turbocharged]] [[Straight-4|I4]]<br />
* 2008-present [[Dodge_Challenger#Third_generation_.282008-present.29|Dodge Challenger SRT-8]] 6.1&nbsp;L [[Chrysler Hemi engine#6.1|Hemi]] V8<br />
* 2009-present Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT-8 6.1 L HEMI V8<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Mercedes-AMG]]<br />
*[[Special Vehicle Team]]<br />
*[[Super Sport]]<br />
*[[Gran Turismo]]<br />
*[[BMW M]]<br />
*[[GM Performance Division]]<br />
*[[Toyota Racing Development]]<br />
*[[Mazdaspeed]]<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:SRT4 Vegas.jpg|Dodge SRT-4<br />
Image:RamSRT10 Vegas.jpg|Dodge Ram SRT10 Regular Cab<br />
Image:Chrysler-300C-SRT8-rear.jpg|Chrysler 300C SRT8 <br />
Image:Dodge_Charger_SRT-8.jpg|Dodge Charger SRT-8 Super Bee<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.drivesrt.com Official SRT Drive Website ]<br />
* [http://srtforums.com/ Largest online site for Dodge SRT-4 and other SRT Vehicle Forums]<br />
* [http://www.calibersrt4.net Dodge Caliber SRT-4 Forums]<br />
* [http://www.srt10forum.com/ Dodge SRT-10 Ram Truck Forum]<br />
* [http://www.300cforums.com/ Chrysler SRT-8 Forums]<br />
* [http://www.viperclub.org/ Viper Club of America Clubsite and Forums]<br />
* [http://www.srtowners.com/ SRTowners.com: Street and Racing Technologies vehicle owner registry featuring SRT4, SRT6, SRT8 and SRT10 vehicles]<br />
[[Category:Chrysler]]<br />
[[Category:Auto parts suppliers]]<br />
[[Category:Motor vehicle companies]]<br />
[[Category:Automotive companies of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Official motorsport and performance division of automakers]]</div>67.55.13.215https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Imperial_(automobile)Imperial (automobile)2009-01-31T05:53:31Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[.{2}:[^:]+\]\] +)</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:1955 Imperial.jpg|thumb|300px|1955 Imperial]]<br />
<br />
:''for Chrysler branded models before 1955 and after 1983 see [[Chrysler Imperial]]''<br />
<br />
'''Imperial''' was the [[Chrysler Corporation]]'s prestige [[automobile]] brand between 1955 and 1975, with a brief reappearance in 1981 through 1983.<br />
<br />
The [[Chrysler Imperial]] had been the company's most luxurious model, and in 1955 when the company decided to introduce a separate luxury brand, ''Imperial'' was the natural choice for the nameplate of the new spin off vehicle line. The Imperial became a separate make and division within the corporation.<br />
Imperial would see new body styles introduced every two to three years, all with [[V8 engine]]s and automatic transmissions, as well as technologies that would filter down to the lower rungs of Chrysler corporation's sister offerings.<br />
<br />
== 1955-56: A separate make ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:1955 Imperial rear.jpg|thumb|left|Rear view of "gunsight" taillights]]<br />
In 1955, the Imperial was launched and registered as a separate make, apart from the Chrysler brand. It was a product of the new ''Imperial Division of Chrysler Corporation''. Chrysler introduced [[Forward Look]] Styling by [[Virgil Exner]], who would define Imperial's look (and the look of cars from the other four Chrysler divisions) from 1955 to 1963.<br />
<br />
The '''1955''' models are said to be inspired by Exner's own 1952 [[Chrysler Imperial Parade Phaeton]] show cars. The bodyshell was shared with that year's big Chryslers, but the Imperial had a wide-spaced split eggcrate grille (also used on the [[Chrysler 300]] "executive hot rod") and "gunsight" taillights mounted above the rear quarters. Models included a two-door Newport [[hardtop]] [[coupe]] (3,418 built) and a four-door [[sedan (car)|sedan]] (7840 built). The engine was Chrysler's first-generation [[Chrysler Hemi engine|Hemi]] V8 with a displacement of {{auto CID|331|1}} and developing {{convert|250|bhp|0}}.<br />
<br />
The '''1956''' models were similar, but had small tailfins, a slightly longer wheelbase, a larger engine displacement of {{auto CID|354|1}} with {{convert|280|bhp|0}}, and a four-door Southampton hardtop sedan was added to the range.<br />
<br />
== 1957–1959 ==<br />
[[Image:Chrysler Imperial Crown BW 1.JPG|thumb|left|Imperial Crown from 1957]]<br />
[[Image:1959 Imperial 2-door green rear MD.jpg|thumb|Trunk lids featured an imitation [[continental tire]] bulge.]]<br />
<br />
'''1957''' saw a redesigned and larger bodyshell available, based to an even greater degree on Virgil Exner's "Forward Look" styling (also used on other full-size Chryslers of the period). It featured a complicated front end (very similar to [[Cadillac (automobile)|Cadillacs]] of the period) with a bulleted grille and quad headlights, tall tailfins, and Imperial's trademark gunsight taillights. The Hemi engine was available for the first two years that was enlarged to {{auto CID|392|1}}. For 1959, the third and final year of this bodystyle, a {{auto CID|413|1}} Wedge-head engine replaced it. A convertible was available for the first time on an Imperial and available in the mid-range ''Crown'' series. Sales were helped by Exner's "ahead of the competition" styling, with 1957 becoming the best-selling Imperial year ever.<br />
<br />
Starting from 1957, Imperials were available in three levels of [[Trim package|trim]]: standard Imperial, (also known as Imperial Custom) Imperial Crown, and the new, super-luxury Imperial LeBaron (the latter named after a coachbuilder, bought out by Chrysler, that did some of the best work on prewar Chrysler Imperial chassis, and not to be confused with the later, cheaper Chrysler Le Baron). Through the late 1950s and into the early 1960s styling would continue to become "Longer, Lower, Wider", with the addition some of the wildest fins ever put on a car.<br />
<br />
The 1958 version is credited with the introduction of [[cruise control]], which was called "Auto-Pilot", and was available on the Imperial, and on Chrysler New Yorker and Windsor models.<ref>http://auto.howstuffworks.com/1957-1959-imperial9.htm Auto-Pilot cruise control</ref><br />
<br />
The 1959 version introduced the swivel out front seats that were part of the six way electric front bench seat. Originally the seats would automatically swivel when the front door was opened activated by a cable but was soon removed and only could be activated manually by a handle.<br />
<br />
For the largest collection of 1959 Imperial photographs go to http://www.1959imperial.shutterfly.com<br />
<br />
== 1960-1963 ==<br />
[[Image:1961 Imperial 2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|1961 Imperial 4-door]]<br />
<br />
The '''1960''' Imperial is in many ways the most emblematic and iconic Imperial ever made. The 1960 look featured a very "1950s" front fascia with a swooping front bumper, gaping mesh grille, giant chrome eagle, and hooded quad headlights, and tall rear fins. Some models had the optional simulated spare tire bulge on the trunklid, though this once-popular feature was largely shunned by Imperial buyers after it was made available on Plymouths in 1959. Its fins were wider, bigger than anything ever made, with the exception maybe of the 1959 Cadillac. These fins had bullet style tail lamps at the peak of the fin, with a halo of a chrome ring surrounding it. The grill and bumper on the front of the 1960 used large pieces of heavy chrome, and the 'furrowed brows' of the fenders over the double sets of headlights gave the car a ponderous look. The push-button transmission and elaborate use of chrome on the dash also made this car stand out.<br />
<br />
The 1960 year has been portrayed in several notable movies: in ''[[Blade Runner]]'', the 1960 Imperial can be seen on several occasions driving with a mix of exotic, old and post-apocalyptic contraptions on the road. In the movie ''[[Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events]]'', the 1960 Imperial is prominently displayed, being driven by the character [[Count Olaf]]. He abandons the children in the movie on railroad tracks, locked inside the 1960 Imperial. A black 1960 Imperial Crown (Limousine) was used to transport Jacqueline Kennedy during the funeral proceedings of John F. Kennedy.<br />
[[Image:Imperial Crown.jpg|thumb|left|1963 Imperial Crown]]<br />
[[Image:Imperial Crown rear.jpg|thumb|right|1963 Imperial Crown from the rear]]<br />
<br />
'''1961''' brought a wholly new front end with "freestanding" headlights on short stalks in cut-away front fenders, and even taller "wings" at the rear. In '''1962''', the fins were replaced by straight-top rear fenders, and as in 1955, free-standing taillights atop them—but these were elongated, streamlined affairs. The front grille was once again split, and a large round Eagle hood ornament was fitted for the first time. The engineering team delivered as well, giving the 1962 models a new, slimmer [[TorqueFlite]] automatic transmission, which allowed for a smaller transmission tunnel "hump" in the floor. This provided greater comfort for the passenger in the center seat up front. 1962 also marked the closing of Imperial's dedicated assembly plant; all later Imperials were built in the same facilities as standard Chrysler-brand models. '''1963''' saw the split grille disappear again, replaced by a cluster of chromed rectangles, and the taillights were now inside the rear fenders, in ordinary fashion, for the first time. In addition, the designers redesigned the rooflines of the two-door hardtops, giving them a similar appearance to the four-door models.<br />
1963 models were the last Virgil Exner–styled Imperials. While most critics of automobile styling rate the 1955 through 1959 Imperials highly, the styling in this period was more questionable, which was reflected in Exner's increasing struggles with the Chrysler president and board.{{Fact|date=October 2008}}<br />
<br />
=== Imperial frames through the mid-1960s ===<br />
The main advantage of Imperials in the 1960s was their strength; their crashworthiness got them banned from [[Demolition derby|demolition derbies]] for being too hard to take down. Unlike the rest of the Chrysler Corporation makes (Plymouth, De Soto, Chrysler, and Dodge), that went to [[unibody]] construction in 1960, the Imperial retained separate full [[Frame_(vehicle)#Perimeter_Frame|perimeter frames]] for rigidity through the 1966 model year. These substantial frames were in the form of a full box with [[crossmember]]s forming an "x". The drive shaft passed through a hole in the "x" frame. Interestingly, the emergency brake, in the traditional Chrysler manner, was in the form of a clamp that would take hold of the drive shaft, and was not connected to the rear drum brakes.<br />
<br />
== 1964-1966 ==<br />
<br />
[[Image:1966ChryslerImperial.jpg|left|200px|thumb|1966 Imperial Crown Coupe]]<br />
[[Image:1966 Imperial.jpg|thumb|200px|1966 Imperial Crown convertible.]]<br />
[[Image:1966ChryslerImperialRear.jpg|right|200px|thumb|1966 Imperial LeBaron]]<br />
[[Image:Chryslerimperialeaglecirca60s.jpg|left|100px|1960s Imperial Eagle]]<br />
<br />
In 1961, Chrysler scored a coup by hiring [[Elwood Engel]] away from Ford, where he had designed the 1961 [[Lincoln Continental]] (the same type of car in which President Kennedy was assassinated). Engel's design themes at Chrysler were a far cry from the fins of Virgil Exner, and instead featured the more familiar "three-box" design with more rectangular, angular cars with straight-line styling. The 1964 Lincolns and 1964 Imperials bear many of the same design hallmarks. A split grille returned, and the fake spare tire bulge moved from the trunk lid to the rear, incorporating the rear bumper in a very squared-off lump. A large boss in the center of it was actually the fuel filler door, covered with a large Imperial Eagle, with chromed bars going outward that terminated in the taillights. The base Imperial Custom model was now gone; the cars were now available as Imperial Crown or Imperial LeBaron levels of trim in four-door hardtop sedan, two-door hardtop Crown Coupe, or convertible versions. The LeBaron during this period had a [[formal rear window]]&mdash;reduced in size.<br />
<br />
Changes for '''1965''' were largely confined to the front fascia and to trim. The split grille was gone, replaced by a large chromed cross and surround, and the headlights were inset into the grill behind glass covers (similar to that year's Chrysler [[Chrysler 300 letter series#1965 300L|300]] and New Yorker models.<br />
'''1966''' saw a change to an egg-crate grill. Also introduced was the {{auto CID|440|1}} [[Chrysler RB engine#440|engine]] instead of the {{auto CID|413|1}} that was standard from 1960.<br />
<br />
Due to its large size and exceptional sturdiness, the Imperial is banned from many [[demolition derby]] events.{{Fact|date=October 2008}}<br />
<br />
== 1967-1968 ==<br />
<br />
'''1967''' saw a completely new Imperial under the skin, as the car changed from a separate chassis to [[unibody]] construction to match the rest of the Chrysler Corporation makes. The styling kept the overall straight-line, sharp-edged Engel theme, but there were many detail changes intended to take Imperial away from Lincoln and into its own territory. The spare tire bulge was completely gone from the rear, although the boss remained. The practically full-width taillights spread out from it, straight, but ended before chrome-tipped rear wings. The front end was somewhat similar to 1966's, although the glass lamp covers were gone.<br />
<br />
New this year was a new entry-level ''Imperial Sedan'', with full frames around the windows unlike the hardtop frameless style of the other cars. A ''TNT'' version of the 440 engine was available as an option, delivering more power.<br />
<br />
'''1968''''s Imperial was little changed from the previous year. The grille changed to a brightly chromed one with thin horizontal bars, split in the middle by vertical chrome and a round Imperial Eagle badge. At the rear, the horizontal bars over the taillights were gone. This was also the last year for the Imperial convertible.<br />
<br />
== 1969-1971 ==<br />
<br />
The ''Fuselage Look'' was how Chrysler described the new styling in '''1969'''. Instead of the square lines of 1964 through 1968, 1969's Imperial featured rounded "tumblehome" sides, bulging at the belt line, and tucking in down to the rocker panels. Unlike the 1960-1968 Imperials, it shared a basic body design with Chrysler's full-size line of that year to reduce costs. In keeping with the times, the look was sleeker, with a reduced, more subtle level of trim. For the first time, the lights were hidden behind doors, giving a fashionable at the time full-width grille look. The final year of the Imperial Sedan was in 1969, and it was also the first year for the 2-door Imperial LeBaron.<br />
<br />
Under the skin, little had changed; construction was still the same unibody, the engine and transmission were the same, and the [[torsion bar]] front suspension was still used.<br />
<br />
'''1970''' models differed only in minor ways. The grill pattern changed to a larger eggcrate design; the front [[cornering lamp]]s were now rectangular instead of the "shark gill" pattern of 1969. A wide chrome strip was added at the rocker panels, vinyl side trim was made optional, and (for this year only) the fender skirts were gone. The Imperial was the longest car available in 1970, at just over {{convert|19|ft|1}} long, except the Cadillac Fleetwood Series 75. It was the final year for the Imperial Crown series; only the LeBaron would continue.<br />
<br />
In '''1971''', there were only two models left, the Imperial LeBaron in two-door or four-door hardtop form. The Imperial Eagle at the front of the hood was gone, replaced by the word IMPERIAL; the deck lid badge said, for the first time, "IMPERIAL by Chrysler". The 1971 Imperial is notable for being the first production car in America with a 4-wheel [[Anti-lock braking system]](ABS) from Bendix, a rarely selected option at that time. The 1966 [[Jensen FF]] from England was the first production car in the world to have ABS. Both had ABS for almost a decade before the [[Mercedes-Benz S-Class]] which claims to be the first production car with ABS<sup>1978</sub>.<br />
<br />
Although the [[vinyl top]] was standard, for a short time a unique patterned vinyl top in a burgundy color was available as an option on burgundy-painted cars. It has been rumored that this top had actually been overprinted on waste "Mod Top" patterned vinyl, which had been available on some Dodge and Plymouth models in 1969 and 1970, but, according to Jeffrey Godshall, a Chrysler designer and frequent contributor to the magazine ''Collectible Automobile'', this was not the case. With exposure to the elements, the burgundy overprint faded, and the pattern began to show through in a purple [http://www.imperialclub.com/Yr/1971/Paisley/ "paisley"] pattern. Chrysler replaced many affected tops with either white or black standard vinyl, but some survive.<br />
<br />
== 1972-1973 ==<br />
[[Image:Imperial LeBaron.jpg|right|200px|thumb|1972 Imperial Le Baron]]<br />
'''1972''''s sheetmetal was completely new, although the styling was an evolution of the previous Fuselage style, somewhat less rounded. The front fascia was all new and imposing-looking, and the back featured vertical teardrop taillights for the first time, while the rear side marker lights were in the form of shields with eagles on them.<br />
<br />
New federal bumper standards for ''1973'' meant large rubber over-riders front and rear, which added six inches (152 mm) to the car's length, making it the longest production car in North America for that year.<br />
<br />
== 1974-1975 ==<br />
<br />
'''1974''', Chrysler's 50th anniversary, saw the final redesign of the full-size Imperial. The new car had Chrysler's new trademark 'waterfall' grille, which started on top of the nose and flowed down. It was a shorter, lighter car than the previous year's, built on the [[Chrysler New Yorker]] chassis. The 1974 Imperial was the first regular American passenger car to offer 4-wheel disc brakes since the 1949-1952 [[Crosley]] and the [[Chrysler Imperial]]s of the early 1950s; only the [[Chevrolet Corvette]] had recently offered them previously. The ignition system was electronic, another first in the market, as was the optional [[burglar alarm]]. As well as the two regular LeBaron models, a 50th Anniversary 2-door ''LeBaron Crown Coupe'' was also produced, finished in Golden Fawn; only 57 were built.<br />
<br />
For '''1975''', little changed but for the waterfall grill and the front bumper was enhanced, as well as a few detail improvements. This was to be the last year of the independent Imperial marque; instead, the same car was sold, rather more cheaply, for three more years as the [[Chrysler New Yorker]] Brougham. Justifying the price differential over the full-size Chrysler had become increasingly hard to do as the cars became (to save costs) more and more similar over the years, and the costs of maintaining and marketing a separate, poorly selling marque were possibly just too high.<br />
<br />
The final bow of the Imperial as a separate division of Chrysler came in 1975, brought on by rising oil prices that made the Imperial's weight and poor fuel economy a luxury that fewer people could logically embrace.<br />
<br />
== 1981-1983 ==<br />
[[Image:Imperial burgundy - r.jpg|thumb|right|1981-83 Imperial's distinctive "bustleback" rear end]]<br />
<br />
This generation represented a fairly radical attempt to reinvent the Imperial as a [[personal luxury car]]. It is probably not coincidental that this came about after [[Lee Iacocca]] took the helm at Chrysler, since he had been instrumental in creating the successful Lincoln Mark series for this market while he was at Ford in the late 1960s. Although the company was facing bankruptcy, Iacocca decided that "a new flagship would assure the public that Chrysler had a future."<ref>[http://auto.howstuffworks.com/imperial-cars4.htm "How Imperial Cars Work: Imperial's Brief Return", by the auto editors of ''Consumer Guide'', HowStuffWorks.com, 14 June 2007], retrieved on 4 October 2008.</ref><br />
<br />
The new Imperial was a smaller, two-door only package, sharing its chassis with the second generation [[Chrysler Cordoba]] and [[Dodge Mirada]]. These were designated the J-bodies. The Imperial was so well-equipped that there were virtually no options, other than a choice of wheels and sound systems. The {{auto CID|318|1}} V8 was the only engine, but in a fuel-injected version. This particular generation of Imperial (1981-83) also did not bear the Chrysler name.<br />
<br />
Unlike all other modern Imperials, it did not use the Imperial eagle logo, as that had been moved to the [[Chrysler LeBaron]] model in 1977. Instead it bore the Chrysler '''Pentastar''', as did all the company's products of that era. The Imperial and the Mark Cross Edition of the LeBaron Convertible were the only vehicles, however, which wore it as a jewel-like, cut crystal, stand-up hood ornament. Rather astoundingly, several of the cars raced (despite the absence of any Chrysler factory support) on the [[NASCAR]] circuit from 1981 thru 1985 (driven by [[Buddy Arrington]], Rick Baldwin, [[Cecil Gordon]], Phil Goode, and Maurice Randall) and finished as high as sixth place in the summer 1982 race at Brooklyn, MI. NASCAR enthusiasts were probably surprised seeing a luxury car raced on the circuit. The reason for drivers racing an Imperial was that it was far more aerodynamic than the Dodge (Mirada) made at the time. Arrington's Imperial currently (as of fall 2008) resides in the Talledega (AL) NASCAR museum.<br />
<br />
Competing models such as the [[Cadillac Eldorado]] and the [[Lincoln Continental Mark VI]] had been downsized by 1981, so the Imperial was about the right size for its intended market, and the market was certainly there, since the Eldorado was at that time rising to the peak of its success. Considerable marketing was put behind the new model as well, including commercials and magazine ads featuring singer [[Frank Sinatra]] (who convinced several of his Hollywood friends to buy them), a personal friend of Iacocca.<br />
<br />
Nevertheless, the car did not take off. Other than its troublesome fuel injection system, it offered no technological advances, and the company's reputation for quality was still suffering from the disasters of the 1970s. Dealers often replaced the fuel injection system with carburetors. The rear styling, which had an odd, bustle-backed look vaguely similar to Cadillac's controversial 1980 [[Cadillac Seville|Seville]], was a styling hindrance. Competition from the much cheaper and mechanically similar (and more reliable) Cordoba, which was sold in the same showrooms, could have been a factor as well.<br />
<br />
Perhaps most importantly for the prestige-driven top of the market, by the 1980s the well-publicized misfortunes of Chrysler had simply rendered the name unable to compete in the same class as Cadillac and [[Lincoln (automobile)|Lincoln]]. A marque which was most often associated in the press with the word ''bankruptcy'' was unlikely to attract buyers shopping for a car that symbolized affluence. The Imperial also failed because of its tremendously poor reliability. <ref> Automotive Atrocities!: The Cars We Love To Hate, Eric Peters, 2004</ref> It was known to stall, suffer from premature engine failure, the electronics were known to fail rather continuously, and its overall reliability was just not up par with its competitors.<br />
<br />
Today, due to their lack of success, these cars have some rarity value. Examples that did not have the fuel-injection system replaced are as apt to be troublesome now as they were then, though, and parts are scarce. Reportedly some Chrysler dealers used a [[Carburetor|carbureted]] {{auto CID|360|1}} V8s instead of converting the 318s when making the switch, so this configuration can probably be considered "factory", even though the factory catalog does not show it.<br />
<br />
=== Production figures ===<br />
<br />
'''1981''': 7,225 '''1982''': 2,329 '''1983''': 1,427<br />
<br />
=== Imperial "FS" (Frank Sinatra Edition) ===<br />
Despite the shortcomings of the car for this period, it did offer one very unusual distinction-a special edition named after a celebrity. The Imperial "FS" was a rare example of automotive history as it was one of only a handful of cars bearing a celebrity's name. Sinatra was a friend of Lee Iacocca and this version of Imperial certainly lauded this relationship. The car was available in Glacier Blue Crystal color only (said to be made to match the color of Sinatra's eyes) and had special "fs" (lowercase) external badging. Inside, 16 cassettes of Sinatra titles were presented in a specially-made Mark Cross leather case. Lee Iacocca had a 1982 Imperial converted into a limousine with a {{convert|36|in|mm|abbr=on}}) stretch and presented it to Sinatra as a gift. Sinatra was very fond of it and it remains (as of spring 2008) with the Sinatra family in Palm Desert CA.<br />
<br />
== Crown Imperial long-wheelbase limousines ==<br />
<br />
During 1955 and 1956, a '''Crown Imperial''' [[limousine]] model was also offered. With an extra {{convert|19|in|mm|abbr=on}} of wheelbase, and seating eight (three in the front including the driver, three in the rear, and two on rearward-facing fold-down [[jump seat]]s), these replaced the long-wheelbase offerings in all Chrysler marques. Only 172 were built in 1955 and 226 in 1956. They were the last Chrysler-branded limousines built entirely in Detroit.<br />
<br />
From 1957 until 1965, long-wheelbase Crown Imperial cars would be finished by [[Ghia]] in [[Italy]]. Two-door hardtop bodies mounted on the more rigid convertible chassis would be shipped across the Atlantic, cut apart, lengthened generally by {{convert|20.5|in|0}} and reworked. Each took a month to build, and cost a fortune for the time; they sold poorly against similar Cadillacs, which were cheaper, had a more established reputation among limousine buyers, and were built by both Cadillac itself and a variety of competing coachbuilders on Cadillac commercial chassis.<br />
<br />
In President John F. Kennedy's funeral procession in November 1963, at the front of the motorcade, carrying Jackie Kennedy and her children, was an Imperial limousine.<br />
<br />
While the "Crown Imperial" limousines ended in 1965, Imperial Limo's continued to be made by other coach builders. Between 1967 and 1975 another 30 or so Imperial limousines were produced. The 1981-83 cars were also produced, two of which were stretched {{convert|24|in|mm|sing=on}} and five were lengthened {{convert|36|in|mm|sing=on}}.<br />
<br />
== In culture ==<br />
* In ''[[Point Blank (film)]]'', [[Lee Marvin]] drives and repeatedly smashes a 1967 Imperial convertible.<br />
* In ''[[Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events#Sequel|Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events]]'', [[Count Olaf]] drives an Imperial Crown Limousine.<br />
* In the TV series ''[[The Green Hornet]]'', [[Kato (The Green Hornet)|Kato]] ([[Bruce Lee]]) drives the "The Black Beauty" rolling arsenal which is based on an Imperial LeBaron sedan.<br />
* In the TV series [[Mission Impossible]] Season 6 episode "Encore" (1971), William Shatner guest stars as a crime syndicate boss the [[Impossible Missions Force|IMF]] must convince has traveled back to 1937. An entire 1937 period set is constructed. In the final scene, a 1972 Imperial stops nose first just short of Shatner collapsed on the street. The Imperial, with its modern concealed headlights, dramatically shows he'd been tricked.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
* [[Chrysler Imperial]]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.imperialclub.com Online Imperial Club]<br />
* [http://www.allpar.com/model/imperial.html Fuselage bodies at Allpar.com]<br />
* [http://www.allpar.com/model/mirada.html J-bodies at Allpar.com]<br />
* [http://www.fuselage.de/ 1969 - 1973 Imperials at Fuselage.de site]<br />
* [http://teamchicago.com/imperial/ Imperial enthusiast site]<br />
<br />
{{Chrysler_Holding_LLC}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Chrysler vehicles|Imperial]]<br />
[[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Full-size vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Luxury vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Coupes]]<br />
[[Category:Sedans]]<br />
[[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States]]<br />
[[Category:Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan]]<br />
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1955]]<br />
[[Category:Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers]]</div>161.165.196.84https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Dodge_RamDodge Ram2009-01-31T01:19:52Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-\[\[File: +[[Image:)</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
<br />
{{Infobox Automobile<br />
|name=Dodge Ram<br />
|image=[[Image:2009 Dodge Ram SLT Big Horn Quad Cab.jpg|250px|2009 Dodge Ram 1500 SLT Big Horn Crew Cab]]<br />
|manufacturer=[[Chrysler]] (1981-98) <BR> [[DaimlerChrysler]] (1998-2007) <BR> [[Chrysler LLC]] (2008-present)<br />
|production=1981-present<br />
|class=Full-size [[pickup truck]]<br />
|predecessor=[[Dodge D Series]]<br />
|assembly=[[Saltillo, Coahuila]], [[Mexico]]<BR>[[Fenton, Missouri]], [[United States]]<BR> [[Warren, Michigan]] [[United States]]<br />
|similar=[[Chevrolet Silverado]] <BR> [[Ford F-Series]]<br />
|layout=[[Front-engine design|Front-engine]], [[rear-wheel drive]] / [[four-wheel drive]]<br />
}}<br />
:''This article is about the full-size truck. For other uses, such as the full-size van, see [[Dodge Ram (disambiguation)]].''<br />
<br />
The '''Dodge Ram''' is a full-size [[pickup truck]] from Chrysler LLC's [[Dodge]] brand. The name was first used in 1981 on the redesigned Ram and Power Ram, though it came from the hood ornament used on 1930s and '40s Dodge vehicles.<br />
<br />
Dodge Ram trucks have been named ''[[Motor Trend]]'' magazine's [[Car of the Year|Truck of the Year]] twice: the second-generation Ram won the award in 1994, and the third-generation Ram ''Heavy Duty'' won the award in 2003. The truck is in its fourth generation as of the 2009 model year.<br />
<br />
The Ram is built at [[Saltillo Truck Assembly]] in [[Saltillo, Coahuila]], [[Mexico]]; [[Saint Louis Assembly North]] in [[Fenton, Missouri]], [[United States]]; and [[Warren Truck Assembly]] in [[Warren, Michigan]], [[United States]].<br />
<br />
{{TOCleft}}<br />
{{-}}<br />
<br />
==1981 to 1993: The D/W trucks==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
|name=First generation<br />
|image= [[Image:89DodgeRam F34.jpg|250px|1989 Dodge Ram D100]]<br />
|production=1981-1993<br />
|platform=[[Chrysler AD platform]]<br />
|body_style=2-door<BR>2-door extended cab<BR>4-door crew cab<BR>Dually<br />
|wheelbase=2-door short bed:<br>{{convert|115|in|mm|0}}<BR>2-door long bed:<br>{{convert|131|in|mm|0}}<BR>4-door long bed:<br>{{convert|165|in|mm|0}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/><br />
|length={{convert|190.8|in|mm|0}} <BR> {{convert|210.8|in|mm|0}}<br />
|width={{convert|79.5|in|mm|0}}<br />
|height={{convert|76|in|mm|0}}<BR>{{convert|73|in|mm|0}}<br />
|engine={{auto CID|225}} [[Chrysler Slant 6 engine|Slant-6]]<BR><br />
{{auto CID|239}} [[Chrysler_LA_engine#239_V6|LA V6]]<BR><br />
{{Auto CID|318}} [[Chrysler_LA_engine#318_V8|LA V8]]<BR><br />
{{Auto CID|360}} LA V8<BR><br />
{{Auto L|5.9}} [[Cummins B Series engine#B5.9|Cummins]] [[diesel]] [[I6]]<br />
|transmission=3- or 4-speed ''[[Torqueflite]]'' automatic<BR><br />
4- or 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]<br />
|fuel_capacity={{convert|22|U.S.gal|impgal L|abbr=on}} <BR> {{convert|30|U.S.gal|impgal L|abbr=on}}<br />
|related=[[Dodge Ramcharger]]<br />
}}<br />
The first-generation Ram trucks, named for the Ram hood ornament that first graced Dodge cars in the 1930s, was introduced in 1981<ref name="ED-DRG">{{citeweb|title=Dodge Ram - Generations|url=http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/Features/articleId=46028|publisher=''[[Edmunds.com]]''|author=John DiPietro|accessdate=2008-09-07}}</ref>. Dodge kept the previous generation's model designations: "D" or '''Ram''' meant [[two wheel drive]] while the "W" or '''Power Ram''' meant [[four wheel drive]]. Like [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]], Dodge used 150 to indicate a half-ton truck, 250 for a three quarter-ton, and 350 for one-tons. Standard cab, "Club" extended cab, and crew cab versions were offered along with {{convert|6.5|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} and {{convert|8|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} bed lengths and "Utiline" and "Sweptline" styled boxes. Externally, the first-generation Rams were facelifted versions of the previous generation Dodge D-Series pickups introduced in 1972. The new model introduced larger wraparound [[Automotive lighting|tail lamps]], single rectangular [[headlamp]]s, and squared-off body lines. The interior was updated and included a newer style bench seat, and a completely new dashboard and instrument cluster. Available engines for these trucks were the {{Auto CID|225}} slant six, the {{Auto CID|318}} V8, and the {{Auto CID|360}} V8 with a variety of carburetors available for each engine. Among the other options offered on the Ram were front bumper guards, a sliding rear cab window, power locks & windows, and a plowing package for the 4-wheel drive version (referred to as the Sno Commander).[[Image:1983 D150 with SLANT6.jpg|thumb|right|1983 Dodge Ram D150]]<br />
<br />
Base '''D100''' models were added for 1984, replacing the previous "Miser" trim level available on the D150. A "Ram-Trac" shift-on-the-fly transfer case was added for 1985's Power Rams, and both the crew cab and Utiline flared bed were dropped for 1986, also the first year for a new crossbar grille and slight front end styling changes. Engines were updated for the 1988 model year. The [[Chrysler Slant 6 engine|Slant-6]] was dropped in favor of a {{Auto L|3.9}} [[fuel injected]] [[V6]] with 25% more power. The {{Auto Lrev|318}} engine also received [[electronic fuel injection]] in 1988. Because EFI was added, a [[Engine control unit|computer]] was used to control ignition, fuel, and manage other areas of the engine and in some cases, the [[automatic transmission]] lockup function depending on the model. Inside the cab where a small compartment was once located on the dash, a new "message center" contained the check-engine light, brake warning light, and the warning light for the [[Anti-lock braking system|ABS]] if the truck was so equipped. Diagnostic fault codes were stored in the computer's memory, and cycling the ignition key three times would allow the computer to flash the trouble codes through the check-engine light for diagnosis of some problems<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allpar.com/fix/80s-codes.html |title=Retrieving fault codes |publisher=Allpar}}</ref>.<br />
<br />
[[Image:89RamIP.jpg|thumb|left|1989 Dodge Ram interior]]<br />
For 1989, the 5.9 L [[V8]] also received throttle body fuel injection for 20 hp (15 kW) more power. Rear [[Anti-lock braking system|ABS]] also became standard equipment. Additionally, Dodge introduced a new [[Torqueflite|overdrive automatic transmission]] for reduced fuel consumption. This light-duty transmission was designated the A500, and was offered with the 3.9 L V6 and 5.2 L V8. An "O/D Off" pushbutton switch to lock out the overdrive 4th gear was added to the message center. The A727 [[Automatic transmission|automatic]] saw continued use for heavy duty applications. The [[Cummins]] Turbo Diesel was also added to the engine lineup and for the first time, Dodge saw sales go up. The Cummins could be had with a heavier-duty version of the A727 automatic or a 5 speed [[manual transmission]] and was available on 250 and 350 pickups and chassis cabs.<br />
<br />
The Ram 100 model designation was dropped and these models folded back into the "150" range for 1990 due to the introduction and sales success of the Dodge Dakota pickup. Additionally, the instrument cluster was slightly revised; the [[ammeter]] was replaced by a [[voltmeter]] while maintaining the 3-pod arrangement of the speedometer and gauges.<br />
<br />
The grille was redesigned for 1991 but kept the large rectangular [[headlamp]]s and crossbar appearance. The engines were substantially [[Chrysler LA engine|upgraded]] for 1992 (3.9L and 5.2L) and 1993 (5.9) with multi-port [[fuel injection]], new manifolds and higher compression cylinder heads for noticeably higher output. These newly-revised engines were marketed under the "Magnum" name. A heavier-duty overdrive [[Torqueflite|automatic]] transmission called the A518 was offered with the 5.2 L and 5.9 L engines. As part of Chrysler's overhaul of corporate transmission nomenclature, the A500 and A518 were redesignated 42RH and 46RH, respectively, in 1992. The initial "4" signified a 4-speed transmission, the second digit identified the transmission's relative torque capacity, the letter "R" in the third position denoted a rear-wheel drive transmission, and the final letter "H" signified hydraulic shift control. The 3-speed automatic remained available; the A727 was redesignated 36RH, and the A904, A998, and A999 became the 30RH, 31RH, and 32RH. During this time, Dodge reintroduced the Club Cab, which was equipped with fold-out jump seats. Although this added cab space, the jump seats were not very comfortable. Entry was made through the passenger or drivers doors as there were no rear doors for this configuration.<br />
<br />
These trucks, though popular with fleets, sold poorly compared to the [[Ford F-Series]] and the [[General Motors C/K Trucks]], with just under 100,000 units sold most years of their production. Part of this was due to the dated cab and chassis design which had been in production since 1972. Additionally, the interior had been given few updates since 1981.<br />
<br />
===Engines===<br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable<br />
!Years<br />
!Engine<br />
!Power<br />
!Torque<br />
|-<br />
|1981-1987||{{Auto CID|225}} ''[[Chrysler Slant 6 engine|Slant-6]]''||{{convert|95|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||<br />
|-<br />
|1988-1991||{{Auto CID|239}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#238|LA]]'' [[V6]]||{{convert|125|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||<br />
|-<br />
|1992-1991||{{Auto Lrev|239}} ''[[Chrysler_LA_engine#Magnum_3.9|Magnum]]'' [[V6]]||{{convert|180|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||<br />
|-<br />
|1981-1987||{{Auto CID|318}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#318|LA]]'' [[V8]]||{{convert|140|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||<br />
|-<br />
||1988-1991||{{Auto CID|318}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#318|LA]]'' [[V8]]<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||||<br />
|-<br />
|1992-1993||{{Auto Lrev|318}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 5.2|Magnum]]'' [[V8]]||{{convert|230|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{Auto lbft|280|0}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/><br />
|-<br />
|1981-1988||{{Auto CID|360}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#360|LA]]'' [[V8]]||{{convert|170|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||<br />
|-<br />
|1989-1992||{{Auto CID|360}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#360|LA]]'' [[V8]]||{{convert|190|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||<br />
|-<br />
|1993||{{Auto Lrev|360}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 5.9|Magnum]]'' [[V8]]||{{convert|230|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{Auto lbft|325|0}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/><br />
|-<br />
|1989-1993||{{Auto Lrev|360}} ''[[Cummins_B_Series_engine#B5.9|Cummins diesel]]'' [[I6]]||{{convert|160|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{Auto lbft|400|0}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{-}}<br />
<br />
==1994-2001: BR/BE Trucks==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
|name=Second generation<br />
|image=[[Image:Truck09.jpg|250px|Second generation Dodge Ram]]<br />
|production=1994-2001 (Ram 1500) <BR> 1994-2002 (Ram 2500 and 3500)<br />
|platform=[[Chrysler BE platform|Chrysler BR/BE platform]]<br />
|body_style=2-door <BR> 3-door extended cab <BR> 4-door extended cab <BR> Dually<br />
|engine=3.9 L ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 3.9|Magnum]]'' [[V6]] <BR><br />
5.2 L ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 5.2|Magnum]]'' [[V8]] <BR><br />
5.9 L ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 5.9|Magnum]]'' [[V8]] <BR><br />
5.9 L ''[[Cummins B Series engine#B5.9|B5.9]]'' [[diesel]] [[Straight-6|I6]] <BR><br />
8.0 L ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum V10|Magnum]]'' [[V10 engine|V10]] <BR><br />
5.9 L ''[[Cummins B Series engine#ISB|ISB]]'' [[diesel]] [[I6]]<br />
|transmission=4-speed automatic <BR><br />
5-speed manual <BR><br />
6-speed manual<br />
|wheelbase={{convert|118.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (2-door, short bed)<ref name="ED-DRG"/> <BR><br />
{{convert|134.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (2-door, long bed)<ref name="ED-DRG"/> <BR><br />
{{convert|154.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />
|length={{convert|204.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <BR>{{convert|224.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <BR>{{convert|244.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />
|width={{convert|79.4|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <BR>{{convert|93.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (Towing mirrors)<br />
|height={{convert|77.1|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />
|fuel_capacity={{convert|26|U.S.gal|impgal L|abbr=on}} <BR><br />
{{convert|35|U.S.gal|impgal L|abbr=on}}<br />
}}<br />
[[Image:1994_Dodge_Ram_1500_SWB_4x4.jpg|200px|thumb|left|1994 Dodge Ram 1500 SWB 4x4]]The Ram line was redesigned for 1994. The exterior styling was the result of design concepts by chief designer Phillip E. Payne, plus extensive customer research that revealed that full-sized pickup buyers were enamored of a strong exterior design that suggested the "look of a big rig truck"<ref>{{cite web |url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearch-adv.htm&r=29&f=G&l=50&d=PTXT&S1=%22dodge+ram%22&OS=%22dodge+ram%22&RS=%22dodge+ram%22 |title=U.S. Patent D396,828 - Body Styling of 1994 Dodge Ram |publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office |date=August 11, 1998}}</ref>. Dodge Truck Product Planners recognized that while some customers would not identify with the unique design, it would mandate instant recognition for the new Dodge full-sized pickup. It featured a big rig-looking front end and a large grille and was nothing like Ford or Chevy in design. Engine offerings continued over from the first-generation ram and were the 3.9 L V6, 5.2 L V8, 5.9 L V8, and 5.9 L [[I6]] Cummins Turbo diesel. Added to the line up was a new 488 cubic inch 8.0L V10 engine designed as an alternative to those who wanted superior pulling power but didn't want a diesel. The new [[V10 engine|V10]] and Cummins Turbo diesel could only be had in the 2500 and up trucks. Models were now the 1500 half-ton, 2500 three quarter-ton, and 3500 dual rear wheel one-ton in both 2 and 4 wheel drive in 6 and 8-foot (1.8 x 2.4 m) boxes.<br />
<br />
Dodge offered the 2500 series in two different gross-vehicle weight ratings for the first few years but this was dropped in the late 90s. The purpose of the light duty and heavy duty 2500 trucks were for the heavy duty 2500 to take the place of the discontinued one ton single rear wheel trucks.<br />
<br />
Transmissions for the Ram were the lower geared A500/42RH-RE for light duty applications found behind the 3.9 L V6, the A518/46RH-RE for more heavy duty applications found behind the 5.2 L and 5.9 L V8 engines, and the A618/47RH-RE for heavy duty use behind the V10 and Cummins engines.<br />
<br />
On the inside, special attention was paid to in-cab storage features, with a large glovebox, a center armrest storage area, and extra storage space behind the seat. The dash and gauge cluster were a far cry from the previous model Ram and was far more modern as well. A redesign of the dashboard and instrument cluster was made in 1998 along with the introduction of the quad cab, and rounded black plastic side-view mirrors replaced the previous rectangular design.<br />
<br />
A [[natural gas]] engine debuted for 1995 but was not popular and was only used in fleet vehicles on a very limited production run.<br />
In 1998, Dodge introduced the "Quad Cab", which used smaller suicide doors in the back for a door opening. This was offered as an option on the extended cab for the model year. In mid year 1998, the redesigned Cummins Turbo Diesel was released, a 24 valve version, now controlled electronically and producing more power and torque.<br />
<br />
In 1999 Dodge revised the front end for the Sport models with a restyled bumper, quad-beam clear-lens [[headlamp]]s, and body-color grille.<br />
<br />
The redesigned 1994 Ram was a sales success, with sales rocketing from 100,000 units in 1993 to 240,000 in 1994, 280,000 in 1995, and nearly 400,000 in 1996. Sales of this generation peaked at just over 400,000 in 1999 before declining against the redesigned [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] and [[General Motors|GM]] trucks. By 2001 however, the Ram was below Ford and Chevy's sales.<br />
<br />
While Dodge introduced a new Ram 1500 for 2002, the old second generation style Ram was still produced for the 2002 model year 2500 and 3500 trucks. It would be another year until the new third generation Ram took over Dodge's heavy duty truck market. Part of this delay was because of the new 5.7 L Hemi engine not being ready. The 5.9 L [[V8]] was offered until the Hemi was ready for mass production.<br />
<br />
===Engines===<br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable<br />
!Years<br />
!Engine<br />
!Power<br />
!Torque<br />
|-<br />
|{{nowrap|1994-2001}}||{{Auto Lrev|239}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 3.9|Magnum]]'' [[V6]]||{{convert|175|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||<br />
|-<br />
|1994-2001||{{Auto Lrev|318}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 5.2|Magnum]]'' [[V8]]||{{convert|220|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||<br />
|-<br />
|1995-1997||{{Auto Lrev|318}} Natural Gas [[V8]]||{{convert|200|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{Auto lbft|430}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/><br />
|-<br />
|1994-1997||{{Auto Lrev|360}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 5.9|Magnum]]'' [[V8]]||{{convert|230|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||<br />
|-<br />
|1998-2001||{{Auto Lrev|360}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 5.9|Magnum]]'' [[V8]]||{{convert|245|hp|abbr=on}} (standard), {{convert|250|hp|abbr=on}} (Sport package)<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||<br />
|-<br />
|1994-2001||{{Auto Lrev|488}}<ref>http://www.media.chrysler.com/dcxms/assets/attachments/08192002_VIPER_OVERVIEW.pdf</ref> ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Ram V10|LA]]'' [[V10 engine|V10]]||{{convert|300|hp|abbr=on}} hp<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{Auto lbft|450}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/><br />
|-<br />
|1994-1995||{{auto cc|5883}}<ref name=cumm359>http://www.media.chrysler.com/dcxms/assets/specs/2001DodgeRam25003500FASpecifications.pdf</ref> ''[[Cummins_B_Series_engine#B5.9|Cummins]]'' 12-valve [[Diesel]] [[Straight-6|I6]]||{{convert|175|hp|abbr=on}} (manual), {{convert|160|hp|abbr=on}} (auto)<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{Auto lbft|420}} (manual), {{Auto lbft|400}} (auto)<ref name="ED-DRG"/><br />
|-<br />
|1996-1998||{{auto cc|5883}}<ref name=cumm359/> ''[[Cummins_B_Series_engine#B5.9|Cummins]]'' 12-valve [[Diesel]] [[Straight-6|I6]]||{{convert|215|hp|abbr=on}} (manual), {{convert|180|hp|abbr=on}} (auto)<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{Auto lbft|440}} (manual), {{Auto lbft|420}} (auto)<ref name="ED-DRG"/><br />
|-<br />
|1999-2001||{{auto cc|5883}}<ref name=cumm359/> ''[[Cummins_B_Series_engine#ISB|Cummins ISB]]'' 24-valve [[Diesel]] [[Straight-6|I6]]||{{convert|230|hp|abbr=on}} (manual), {{convert|215|hp|abbr=on}} (auto)<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{Auto lbft|450}} (manual), {{Auto lbft|420}} (auto)<ref name="ED-DRG"/><br />
|}<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
Image:94-01 Dodge Ram regularcab.jpg|94-01 Dodge Ram Regular Cab<br />
Image:ISB Dodge Ram 1999.jpg|Cummins Turbo Diesel<br />
Image:Dodge Ram 3500.JPG|Dodge Ram 3500<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
{{-}}<br />
<br />
==2002-2008: The DR/DH Trucks==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
|name=Third generation<br />
|image=[[Image:Chrysler 018.jpg|250px|2007 Dodge Ram 1500]]<br />
|production=2002-2008 (1500)<br>2003-present (2500 & 3500)<br />
|platform=[[Chrysler DR platform|Chrysler DR/DH/D1 platform]]<br />
|body_style=2-door<BR>4-door quad cab<BR>4-door Mega Cab<BR>Dually<br />
|engine=[[Chrysler_PowerTech_engine#3.7_EKG|3.7 L]] [[V6]] <BR> <br />
[[Chrysler PowerTech engine#4.7|4.7 L]]'' [[V8]] <BR><br />
[[Chrysler Hemi engine#New Hemi|5.7 L Hemi]] V8 <BR><br />
[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 5.9|5.9 L Magnum]] V8 <BR><br />
[[Cummins B Series engine#ISB|5.9 L Cummins]] [[diesel]] [[I6]] <BR><br />
[[Cummins_B_Series_engine#B6.7|6.7 L Cummins]] diesel I6 <BR><br />
[[Chrysler_LA_engine#Magnum_V10|8.0 L Magnum]]'' [[V10 engine|V10]] <BR><br />
[[Chrysler LA engine#Viper V10|8.3 L Viper]] V10<br />
|transmission=4-speed [[Chrysler 45RFE transmission|45RFE]] [[automatic transmission|automatic]] <BR><br />
5-speed [[Chrysler 45RFE transmission|545RFE]] automatic <BR><br />
6-speed [[manual transmission|manual]]<br />
|wheelbase={{convert|120.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<BR>{{convert|140.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<BR>{{convert|160.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <BR><br />
|length={{convert|207.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <BR><br />
{{convert|229.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <BR><br />
{{convert|249.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />
|width={{convert|79.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} <BR>{{convert|96|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} (Towing mirrors)<br />
|height={{convert|75.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<BR><br />
{{convert|78.6|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}<br />
|fuel_capacity={{convert|26|U.S.gal|impgal L|abbr=on}}<BR><br />
{{convert|35|U.S.gal|impgal L|abbr=on}}<br />
}}<br />
[[Image:2002-05 Dodge Ram.jpg|thumb|left|200px|2002-2004 Dodge Ram 1500 crew cab]]<br />
The third-generation Ram debuted for 2002 on half-ton models and 2003 on the larger trucks. This was a major update including an all new frame, suspension, power trains, interiors, and sheet metal. It included a larger [[grille]], and special models kept interest up as most competitors had adopted the Ram's separate-fender look. The four wheel drive light trucks (1500 series) lost their [[live axle]]s in favor of an [[independent suspension|independent front suspension]], but the 2500 and 3500 series retained the live axles for maximum longevity and durability. This body style draws heavily from the previous generation.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:2002-05 Dodge Ram Quad Cab.jpg|200px|thumb|left|2005 Dodge Ram 1500 Quad Cab]]<br />
<br />
The redesigned trucks bolstered sales, with 400,000 sold in 2002 and nearly 450,000 sold in 2003, a new high point for the Ram name. At the same time, both [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] and [[General Motors|GM]] trucks were increasing in sales from a 2001 peak over 850,000 to the 900,000 range. But the Ram's sales could not keep up with the eleventh-generation [[Ford F-Series|F-150]] and the new [[Nissan Titan]] in 2004 and 2005, with 400,543 Rams sold that year. With the introduction of the new 2007 Tundra, styled and engineered similarly to the Ram, Dodge was forced to significantly increase the incentives to keep demand up for their vehicle.<br />
<br />
===2006 to 2008: Facelift===<br />
<br />
[[Image:Dodge-Ram-Mega-Cab.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Dodge Ram 2500 Mega Cab]]The 2006 Dodge Ram is an updated version of the previous generation. One notable addition is the '''Mega Cab''', featuring a {{convert|6|ft|m|0|sing=on}} cargo box and {{convert|20|in|mm}} of extra cab space, allowing seating for six with rear recliners. Also, a full screen mapping in-dash navigation system is now an option. The [[headlamp]]s have been redesigned for better performance.<br />
<br />
Another change for the 2006 model year was the replacement of the first version {{Auto Lrev|345}} Hemi V8 in half-ton models with the newer [[Multi-Displacement System]] Hemi V8 engine that is available in Chrysler and Dodge sedans. This engine features the same performance but has a cylinder-deactivating feature enabled under light loads to increase fuel economy by 3 MPG city and 4 MPG hwy. This new Hemi still delivers {{convert|345|hp|abbr=on}} and {{Auto lbft|375}}.<br />
<br />
In 2007 a 3500 Chassis Cab model was introduced, with industry standard rear frame width and wiring to accommodate outfitters. In addition to the {{Auto Lrev|345}} HEMI V8, a [[Cummins]] [[Cummins B Series engine|ISB]] {{Auto Lrev|408}} [[diesel]] rated at {{convert|305|hp|abbr=on}} and {{Auto lbft|610}} was also available.<br />
<br />
For 2008, Dodge introduced two more Chassis Cab models, the 4500 and 5500. These are class 4 and 5 trucks with a Gross Weight of {{convert|16500|lb|kg|abbr=on}} and {{convert|19500|lb|kg|abbr=on}}, respectively. Both trucks come equipped with a version of the [[Cummins]] [[Cummins B Series engine|ISB]] {{Auto cc|6690}} [[diesel]] rated at {{convert|350|hp|abbr=on}} and {{Auto lbft|650}}. Sterling, who worked with Dodge in development, has their own version called the Sterling Bullet with a unique grille. Sterling is a division of [[Freightliner LLC]] which, like Dodge, was owned by the former [[DaimlerChrysler]].<br />
<br />
===Engines===<br />
<br />
{| class=wikitable<br />
!Model<br />
!Years<br />
!Engine<br />
!Power<br />
!Torque<br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=5|1500||2002-2008||{{Auto Lrev|226}} ''[[Chrysler PowerTech engine#3.7|Magnum/PowerTech]]'' [[V6]]||{{convert|215|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{Auto lbft|235}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/><br />
|-<br />
|2002-2007||{{Auto Lrev|287}} ''[[Chrysler PowerTech engine#4.7|PowerTech]]'' [[V8]]||{{convert|235|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{Auto lbft|295}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/><br />
|-<br />
|2008||{{Auto Lrev|287}} ''[[Chrysler PowerTech engine#4.7|PowerTech]]'' [[V8]]||{{convert|310|hp|abbr=on}}||{{Auto lbft|330}}<br />
|-<br />
|2002-2003||{{Auto Lrev|360}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Magnum 5.9|Magnum]]'' [[V8]]||{{convert|245|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{Auto lbft|335}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/><br />
|-<br />
|2003-2008||{{Auto Lrev|345}} ''[[Chrysler Hemi engine#New Hemi|Hemi]]'' [[V8]]||{{convert|345|hp|abbr=on}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/>||{{Auto lbft|375}}<ref name="ED-DRG"/><br />
|-<br />
|rowspan=2|2500/3500<br />
|2003-2008||{{Auto Lrev|345}} ''[[Chrysler Hemi engine#New Hemi|Hemi]]'' [[V8]]||{{convert|345|hp|abbr=on}} @ 5400 RPM||{{Auto lbft|375}} @ 4200 rpm<br />
|-<br />
|2003||{{Auto Lrev|488}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Ram V10|Magnum]]'' [[V10 engine|V10]]|| {{convert|310|hp|abbr=on}}||{{Auto lbft|450}}<br />
|-<br />
|SRT-10||2004-2006||{{Auto Lrev|505}} ''[[Chrysler LA engine#Viper V10|Viper]]'' [[V10 engine|V10]]||{{convert|510|hp|abbr=on}}||{{Auto lbft|535}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
{{-}}<br />
<br />
==2009-Present: The DS/DJ Trucks==<br />
{{Infobox Automobile generation<br />
| name = Fourth generation<br />
| image = [[Image:2009 Dodge Ram Quad Cab.jpg|250px|2009 Dodge Ram Quad Cab]]<br />
| production = 2009-<br />
| designer = [[Ryan Nagode]]<br />
| body_style = 2-Door Regular Cab <BR> 4-Door Quad-Cab <BR> 4-Door Crew-Cab <BR> 4-Door Mega-Cab <BR> Dually<br />
| engine = {{Auto Lrev|226}} Powertech [[V6]]<BR>{{Auto Lrev|287}} Powertech [[V8]]<BR>{{Auto Lrev|345}} HEMI V8<BR>{{Auto Lrev|408}} Cummins Turbo-Diesel<br />
| transmission = 6-speed manual<BR>5-speed automatic<BR>6-speed automatic<br />
| wheelbase = Reg. Cab Short Bed: 120 in (3048 mm) <BR><br />
Reg. Cab Long Bed & Quad Cab: 140 in (3556 mm)<br />
| length = Regular Cab: {{Auto in|209.0|0}}<br>Extended Cab: {{Auto in|226.9|0}}<br>Quad Cab: {{Auto in|229.0|0}}<br>Crew Cab: {{Auto in|227.5|0}}<br />
| height = 4WD Regular & Crew Cabs: {{Auto in|74.3|0}}<br>4WD Extended Cab: {{Auto in|74.1|0}}<Br>4WD Quad Cab: {{Auto in|74.8|0}}<br>2WD ST Regular Cab & 2WD SLT Extended Cab & Quad Cab 2WD: {{Auto in|73.4|0}}<Br>ST 2WD Extended Cab & ST Quad Cab 2WD: {{Auto in|73.3|0}}<br>SLT Regular Cab 2WD & 2WD Crew Cab: {{Auto in|73.9|0}}<br />
| width = {{Auto mm|2017|1}}<br />
<br />
}}<br />
The fourth generation Dodge Ram was introduced at the 2008 [[North American International Auto Show]] in [[Detroit]].<ref name=Vlasic>Bill Vlasic (January 14, 2008). [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/14/business/14truck.html "Ford and Chrysler Unveil Their Redesigned Pickups "], ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> This latest generation will be sold as the 2009 Dodge Ram 1500 starting in Fall 2008. A light-duty diesel version will be released after 2009 and a two-mode hybrid version will be released in the 2010 model year.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Press Kit: 2009 Dodge Ram 1500 |publisher=Chrysler |date=January 13, 2008 |url=http://www.media.chrysler.com/newsrelease.do?id=7598}}</ref><br />
<br />
This latest version of the Ram features a number of major innovations and improvements as the timing of this full redesign puts Dodge against fresh versions of its main competitors in the [[Ford F-150]], [[Chevrolet Silverado]], GMC Sierra, and [[Toyota Tundra]].<ref name=Vlasic /> As such, [[Chrysler LLC]] is attempting to keep the Ram competitive in the market through various developments 2009 model, developing a new four-door cab style offering, new suspension, a new [[hemi engine]] option, and a new storage system that allows secure storage inside the truck’s bed walls.<ref>[http://www.globalinsight.com/SDA/SDADetail11345.htm NAIAS 2008: Pick-Up Trucks Debut Amid Green Technologies]. Global Insight (January 14, 2008).</ref><br />
<br />
The 5.7&nbsp;L HEMI V8's output has been increased by {{convert|45|hp|abbr=on}} to {{Convert|390|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{auto ftlbf|407}}, and fuel efficiency has been slightly increased by 4%. The {{Auto Lrev|287}} H.O. PowerTech V8 produces {{Convert|310|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{auto lbft|330}}, and the {{Auto Lrev|226}} PowerTech V6 continues with {{Convert|215|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} and {{auto lbft|235}}.<ref>[http://www.autoblog.com/2008/01/12/detroit-2008-2009-dodge-ram-breaks-through-the-gate/ "Detroit 2008: 2009 Dodge Ram breaks through the gate"], ''Autoblog.com'' (January 12, 2008).</ref> A coil spring rear suspension replaces the leaf-springs, a move to improve ride quality and handling. The payload capacities have not been negatively affected despite the massive change in suspension. The Mega Cab option will be deleted, at least on the 1500 series, replaced by a true four door cab.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.caranddriver.com/autoshows/14499/2009-dodge-ram.html |title=2009 Dodge Ram - Auto Shows |journal=Car And Driver |month=January |year=2008}}</ref> The 2009 Dodge Ram has also received a 5-star U.S government crash test rating, the highest rating in the program.{{Fact|date=December 2008}}<br />
{{-}}<br />
<br />
===Special Rams===<br />
{{SectOR|date=September 2008}}<br />
<br />
In addition to factory equipment and appearance packages, the Ram pickup has also been offered at times with dealer-installed packages.<br />
<br />
[[Image:2005 Dodge Ram SRT-10.jpg|thumb|left|200px|2005 Dodge Ram SRT-10]]<br />
* '''[[Dodge Ram SRT 10|SRT-10]]''' - This is a regular or quad-cab body with the [[Dodge Viper]]'s [[Chrysler LA engine#Viper V10|V10 engine]], 22" wheels and [[Pirelli]] tires, lowered suspension, bucket seats, body modifications, and a spoiler. The 2004 version was available only in a single cab with a 6 speed [[manual transmission]] with a [[Hurst Performance|Hurst]] shifter. For 2005, Dodge released a Quad Cab version of the Viper V10 powered truck with the 48RE four speed automatic transmission from the 3500 Ram with the Cummins turbodiesel engine. In 2004, the truck won the Guinness record of "World's Fastest Production Pickup Truck" of 154.587 mph (247.3 km/h)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://trucks.about.com/cs/2004dodgetrucks/a/gaughn_srt10.htm |title=Dodge Ram SRT-10 is World's Fastest Production Truck |work=About.com: Trucks}}</ref> This record stood until bettered by the [[Australia]]n [[Holden Special Vehicles]] Maloo R8 in May 2006. SRT-10 production ended on June 30, 2006.<br />
<br />
* '''Power Wagon''' - This model, introduced for 2005, is an off-road focused version of the Ram. The name is drawn from Dodge's line of 4-wheel-drive trucks made from the early 1940s through the 1980s. It comes with the {{Auto Lrev|345}} [[Chrysler Hemi engine#5.7|Hemi]] engine, electronic locking differentials, electronic solenoid disconnecting sway bars, 33" off-road tires, handlebar, fender flares, "Hemi" nameplates instead of the standard Ram badging, and a 12,000 pound winch<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.4wdandsportutility.com/features/0807_4wd_dodge_ram_power_wagon_off_road_truck/index.html |title=Dodge Power Wagon - Off Road Truck |journal=4 Wheel Drive & Sport Utility Magazine |month=August |year=2007}}</ref>. This truck is built on the 2500 platform.<br />
<br />
[[Image:2005 Dodge Ram Rumble Bee.jpg|200px|thumb|left|2005 Dodge Ram Rumble Bee]]<br />
* '''[[Dodge Ram Rumble Bee|Rumble Bee]]''' - The Rumble Bee package was a limited sport-truck version of the Ram. It was available only on regular cab/short-box pickups and included lower body cladding, 20" wheels, a hood scoop, and a specially-trimmed interior including a serialized number plate. On the rear of the box was a stripe with a "Rumble Bee" emblem, similar to that of the [[Dodge Super Bee|Super Bee]]. All Rumble Bees were either black with yellow trim or yellow with black trim.<br />
<br />
* '''HemiGTX''' - The Hemi GTX package was a limited sport-truck version of the Ram. Introduced in 2004 and only made in 2004 and 2005 these were customized by LA West of Indiana as ordered from dealers. It was available on regular cab/short-box and quad cab/short-box and 2x4 and 4x4 model pickups and included a custom overall paint from Mopars Impact colors from the 1970's (this included Hemi Orange, Plum Crazy, Sublime Green,and Banana Yellow), 20" American Racing Motto chrome wheels, a new cowl "blacked out" hood, and a specially-trimmed leather 2-tone interior including a serialized number plate on the drivers side door jamb. On the sides was a "hockey stick" stripe with "HEMI GTX" and extended from the hood to the rear of the box. The air box was also painted to match the body color and a color matched steering wheel was added. They only made 433 in 2004 and roughly the same amount in 2005. A certificate of Authencity was given to all original owners.<br />
<br />
* '''HemiSport''' - The HemiSport Edition was the Quad Cab version of the Rumble Bee, and was introduced in 2004. It was available in black, red or silver, and with either rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive. It was equipped similarly to the Rumble Bee, but without the number plaque. The HemiSport was discontinued for 2006.<br />
<br />
* '''Daytona''' - Introduced for 2005, the Ram Daytona is a new sport-truck edition of the Ram. It is available in Regular or Quad-Cab styles and features lower body cladding, 20" chrome wheels, SRT-10 hood, Borla dual exhaust, serialized number plate, and a tall rear spoiler reminiscent of the 1969 [[Dodge Charger Daytona]]. The Daytonas have a black body stripe to match the rear spoiler and come in Silver or "Go Mango" paint with matching interior trim.<br />
<br />
*'''Prospector''' - Throughout the 80s, this package was available for the Ram pickup. In the early 80s a special badge was affixed to the box side of the truck, but this was dropped in the mid 80s. Prospector was a package that usually included a different fuel tank, cloth seat and carpeting. In the later 1980s, a light package as well as the large 6x9 mirrors were added to the list of options. This trim package was carried on until the redesign in 1994.<br />
<br />
*'''Sno Commander''' - known as the Sno-Fighter in the older D series trucks, the Sno-Commander came with 4-wheel-drive and the V8 engine as standard equipment. It included a snow plow, heavy duty cooling, a larger battery, and provisions on the engine to hook up hydraulics to work the plow as well as a cab controller. Early model Rams also had a badge on the box side. This package was discontinued after the redesign in 1994, but a similar package is offered through Chrysler called the Snow-Plow Prep package.<br />
<br />
*'''Spirit Of '76''' - A special package available in 1976 to celebrate America's Bicentennial. It came with a special decal that ran down the side of the truck and cloth or vinyl interior.<br />
<br />
*'''NightRunner''' - 2000 of these were assembled from January 2006 to December 2006. The NightRunner trim includes {{convert|20|in|mm|sing=on}} black chrome rims, the {{Auto Lrev|345}} Hemi engine, dark shaded [[headlamp]]s, NightRunner graphics, and the NightRunner logo on the speedometer.<br />
<br />
*'''Limited Edition Indy Pace and SS/T pkg''' - The Dodge Ram Indy Pace Truck was available in 1996. It included longitudinal stripes similar to those on the Dodge Viper along with an optional door sticker stating "Official Truck of the 80th Indianapolis 500." These trucks had a {{Auto Lrev|360}} engine with upgraded exhaust and {{convert|15|hp|abbr=on}} more power. These also included {{convert|17|in|mm|adj=on}} wheels with Goodyear Eagle II tires, size 275/60R-17. The SS/T (Super Sport Truck) version was available from 1997-1998 and included all the same upgrades except the door sticker. The SS/T also had "SS/T" designed into the stripe on both the hood and tailgate. The Indy Trucks were available only in blue with white stripes. The SS/Ts were available in white/blue, red/silver, black/silver, and green/silver. All include a specialty sticker on the inner door stating, "Built with pride in the U.S.A." as well as no tie downs on the tops of the bed sides.<br />
<br />
*'''Dodge Ram R/T''' - It is a concept with blue body, 22-inch forged wheels, SRT stripes, new front bumper with chin spoiler. It was unveiled in 2008 SEMA show.<ref>[http://www.autoblog.com/2009/01/13/detroit-2009-dodge-ram-r-t-accessorized/ Detroit 2009: Dodge Ram R/T Accessorized]</ref><br />
<br />
Dodge announced a [[hybrid car|hybrid]] version of the Ram, dubbed the '''Contractor's Special''', in 2003. However, the schedule for delivery slipped as Dodge backed away from the vehicle. The hybrid Ram was available only for fleet purchasers (if at all) and did not enter mass production. It offered an [[alternating current|AC]] electrical outlet panel for running an entire job site worth of power tools, but the through-the-road method of balancing the gas engine and electric motor reportedly did not work as desired. Dodge has announced that it will use a hybrid transmission developed jointly with General Motors and [[BMW]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allpar.com/model/ram/special-rams.html |title=Specialty Dodge Rams |work=Allpar}}</ref><br />
<br />
==Total American Sales==<br />
{|class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Calendar Year<br />
! Sales<br />
|-<br />
| 1999<ref>http://www.theautochannel.com/news/press/date/20010103/press033497.html</ref><br />
| 428,930<br />
|-<br />
| 2000<br />
| 380,874<br />
|-<br />
| 2001<ref>http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2003/01/04/152240.html</ref><br />
| 344,538<br />
|-<br />
| 2002<ref>http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2004/01/05/175827.html</ref><br />
| 396,934<br />
|-<br />
| 2003<br />
| 449,371<br />
|-<br />
| 2004<ref>http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/01-04-2006/0004242655&EDATE</ref><br />
| 426,289<br />
|-<br />
| 2005<br />
| 400,543<br />
|-<br />
| 2006<ref>http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS217066+03-Jan-2008+PRN20080103</ref><br />
| 364,177<br />
|-<br />
| 2007<br />
| 358,295<br />
|-<br />
| 2008<ref>http://news.prnewswire.com/DisplayReleaseContent.aspx?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/01-05-2009/0004949198&EDATE=</ref><br />
| 245,840<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* {{cite web | title=A Dodge Ram History | work=Edmunds.com | url=http://www.edmunds.com/reviews/generations/articles/46028/article.html | accessmonthday=[[April 8]] | accessyear=2005}}<br />
<br />
{{clear}}<br />
<br />
{{Dodge Truck Timeline}}<br />
<br />
{{Dodge}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Dodge vehicles|Ram]]<br />
[[Category:Flexible-fuel vehicles]]<!-- Selected 2004-2005 Ram 1500s --><br />
[[Category:Pickup trucks]]<br />
[[Category:All wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:Rear wheel drive vehicles]]<br />
[[Category:1980s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:1990s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:2000s automobiles]]<br />
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1981]]</div>70.190.97.184https://www.dodge-wiki.com/wiki/Chrysler_B_engineChrysler B engine2009-01-30T12:43:41Z<p>Budlight: Robot: Automated text replacement (-{{(commons|unreferenced|refimprove|mergefrom|unreferenced|expand|review|fansite|for|wikify|verylong|cleanup|images needed|context|citecheck|onesource|unreferencedsection|nofootnotes|refimprovesect|merge|merge-mult</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Chrysler Corporation|Chrysler]]'s '''B engine''' was a [[big-block]] [[V8]] which replaced the early [[Chrysler FirePower engine]] in 1958. It did not have hemispherical heads like the FirePower — rather it had wedge-shaped heads. All B-series engines have a {{convert|3.375|in|mm}} [[stroke]]. Chrysler also produced a larger version, the [[Chrysler RB engine]].<br />
<br />
Design features include 17 capscrews per cylinder head, a cylinder block that extends {{convert|3|in|mm}} below the crankshaft centerline, an intake manifold not exposed to crankcase oil on the underside, stamped-steel, shaft-mounted rocker arms (race versions used forged steel rockers), and a front-mounted oil pump driven by the camshaft.<br />
<br />
The B engine started at {{Auto CID|350}} and {{Auto CID|361}}, and a {{Auto CID|383}} version appeared the next year. [[Plymouth automobile|Plymouth]] called its version of the early B '''Golden Commando'''. It produced {{convert|305|bhp|kW}}. [[DeSoto (automobile)|DeSoto]]'s B engine was the '''Turboflash'''. It put out {{convert|295|bhp|kW}}. [[Dodge]]'s B was called the '''D-500''' and produced {{convert|320|bhp|kW}}.<br />
<br />
==350==<br />
The {{Auto CID|350}} B engine had a bore of {{convert|4.0625|in|mm}} and was only produced in 1958. It was used on the following cars:<br />
* 1958 [[Chrysler Windsor]]<br />
* 1958 [[Plymouth Fury]]<br />
* 1958 [[Dodge Royal]]<br />
* 1958 [[DeSoto (automobile)|DeSoto]]<br />
<br />
==361==<br />
The {{Auto CID|361}} B engine was similar to the 350 except for a wider {{convert|4.125|in|mm}} bore. There was a multipoint electronic [[Fuel injection|fuel-injected]] version in 1958 only. The Plymouth version was called the '''Commando''', variants of which included the '''Golden Commando''' and '''SonoRamic Commando'''. It was used in the following vehicles:<br />
* 1961-1964 [[Chrysler Newport]]<br />
* 1958-1959, 1965-1966 [[Dodge Coronet]]<br />
* 1966 [[Dodge Charger (B-body)|Dodge Charger]]<br />
* 1959-1966 [[Plymouth Belvedere]]<br />
<br />
==383==<br />
{{Distinguish|Chrysler RB engine#383}}<br />
The {{Auto CID|383}} short-stroke B engine used a {{convert|4.25|in|mm}} bore and was introduced in 1959 for the 1960 model year. Over 3,000,000 B 383 engines were produced between 1959 and 1971.{{Fact|date=October 2008}} Dodge's version, the '''D500''', had a cross-ram induction manifold and dual 4-barrel [[carburetor]]s as options. In some Dodge applications, this engine was labelled as the '''Magnum''', while the Plymouth's version was called the ''' Golden Commando'''. The "Golden Commando" came with a special{{Vague|date=October 2008}} dual-point distributor, a drag-racing derivation.<br />
<br />
The B 383 was found on the following vehicles:<br />
* 1962-1965 [[Chrysler 300 letter series|Chrysler 300]] base models<br />
* 1961-1971 [[Chrysler Newport]]<br />
* 1959-1971 [[Chrysler Town and Country]]<br />
* 1962-1971 [[Plymouth Sport Fury]]<br />
* 1966 [[Chrysler R/T police special in Canada]]<br />
* 1965-1971 [[Dodge Monaco]]<br />
* 1959, 1965-1971 [[Dodge Coronet]]<br />
* 1966-1971 [[Dodge Charger (B-body)|Dodge Charger]]<br />
* 1970-1971 [[Dodge Challenger]]<br />
* 1967-1969 [[Dodge Dart]]<br />
* 1960-1971 [[Dodge Polara]]<br />
* 1968-1971 [[Dodge Super Bee]]<br />
* 1967-1971 [[Plymouth Barracuda]]<br />
* 1960-1971 [[Plymouth Savoy, Belvedere]]<br />
* 1960-1971 [[Plymouth Fury]]<br />
* 1968-1971 [[Plymouth Road Runner]]<br />
* 1965-1971 [[Plymouth Satellite]]<br />
* [[Bristol 411]]<br />
* [[Jensen Interceptor]] MKI & II<br />
* [[Jensen FF]]<br />
<br />
==400==<br />
The {{Auto CID|400}} B engine was introduced in 1972. It shares the B family's {{convert|3.38|in|mm}} stroke, but is bored out to {{convert|4.34|in|mm}}. There were standard- and high-performance options.<br />
<br />
The B 400 engine was used in the following vehicles:<br />
* [[Chrysler New Yorker]]<br />
* [[Chrysler Newport]]<br />
* [[Chrysler Town and Country]]<br />
* [[Dodge B-Series Vans]]<br />
* [[Dodge Charger]]<br />
* [[Dodge Magnum]]<br />
* [[Dodge Monaco]]<br />
* [[Dodge D-Series]] ([[Dodge Ram|Ram]]) pickup truck <br />
* [[Chrysler Cordoba]]<br />
* [[Plymouth Fury]]<br />
* [[Plymouth Gran Fury]]<br />
* [[Plymouth Road Runner]]<br />
* [[Plymouth Satellite]]<br />
* [[Plymouth TrailDuster]]<br />
* [[Bristol 411]] (Mk. 4 and 5)<br />
* [[Bristol 412]] (Series 1)<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Chrysler RB engine]]<br />
* [[Chrysler engines]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Chrysler engines|B]]</div>212.209.42.132